A Three-arm, Parallel Group, Multicentre, Double-blind, Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Impact of GeneSight Psychotropic and Enhanced-GeneSight Psychotropic, on Change in Weight Following Antipsychotic Treatment in Patients Suffering From Disorders Indicated for Antipsychotic Utilization
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Schizophrenia
- Sponsor
- St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton
- Enrollment
- 103
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Change in patients' weight and waist-to-hip ratio
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- 5 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
Antipsychotics are approved to treat several conditions, including Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder among others. The typical and atypical antipsychotics, derive their therapeutic benefit predominantly from the antagonism of dopamine D2 and 5-HT2A receptors. Many of these compounds are associated with common and significant adverse effects (e.g. weight gain, extrapyramidal symptoms, hyperprolactinemia, sexual dysfunction, and cardiac effects) which negatively impact on adherence. Today, antipsychotic induced weight gain (AIWG) is a leading cause for antipsychotic discontinuation. Importantly as well, approximately 20-30% of all patients with schizophrenia do not respond adequately to an initial antipsychotic trial, and strikingly, 83% of those who go on to a second antipsychotic trial do not meet criteria for response.
To-date, no RCT has been conducted to evaluate the outcomes in patients taking antipsychotics following the use of pharmacogenomic guidance of treatment selections. Therefore, the rationale for this trial is to utilize a double-blinded RCT design to evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes in participants treated with the benefit of GEN and E-GEN testing. Furthermore, this trial also intends to develop an evidence- based case for the value of GEN and E-GEN to Canadian health-care payers.
Detailed Description
The primary objective for this study is to validate the clinical utility of the new Centre for Addiction in Mental Health (CAMH) antipsychotic induced weight gain (AIWG) markers and demonstrate the superior predictive capabilities of E-GEN as compared to GEN/TAU. The second primary objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of GEN to treatment as usual (TAU) in improving response to psychotropic treatment in the subset of patients suffering from schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder. This study is designed as a three-arm multi-centre, double-blind (participants and raters), randomized controlled trial to compare the clinical and economic outcomes of GEN, E-GEN and TAU for patients suffering from psychiatric disorders indicated for antipsychotic utilization. Participants will be randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to each of the three treatment arms. Recruitment will be 36-months and follow-up 12 months. Subjects will complete short diagnostic interviews specific to their clinical diagnosis, basic metabolic measures (eg. blood pressure, weight), and provide buccal swab samples for genetic analysis (the unanalyzed buccal swabs and associated DNA will be biobanked). During the first visit, blood and urine samples will be required for laboratory panel screening and blood biobanking. Subjects will be monitored over a one year period and clinical measures and healthcare resource utilization will be obtained. Treating clinicians in the GEN and E-GEN arms will receive an easy to implement report providing pharmacogenomic guidance for prescribing psychotropic medications to their patients. The study will recruit participants from 3 sites, stratified into 2 clusters. Chatham-Kent and Ontario Shores will form one of the stratified clusters. CAMH will constitute the second stratified cluster. The sample size required for this study was calculated for a large effect size (Cohen's d = 0.8) for weight change between treatment groups (GEN and E-GEN) and TAU. Sample size calculations are based on the weight gain differences observed between carriers and non-carriers of genetic risk markers in the CAMH discovery studies (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23). Assuming intraclass coefficient between clusters of 20%, statistical power of 80%, an alpha level of 0.05, and an expected drop-out rate of 28.3% by Week 12, a total of 90 participants (i.e., 30 per treatment arm) are required to detect the same effect in this study. Sample size calculations were determined using G\*Power (version 3.1.9.2, Germany).
Investigators
Jean-Eric Tarride
PI
St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •18 years of age or older;
- •Suffer from schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, psychosis not otherwise specified, bipolar disorder (I, II, NOS) or major depressive disorder meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria;
- •Have moderate to severe psychiatric symptoms;
- •Intending to switch to, or start a new antipsychotic medication;:
- •Be capable and willing to provide written informed consent to participate in this study;
- •Agree to abide by the study protocol and its restrictions and be able to complete all aspects of the study, including all visits and tests.
Exclusion Criteria
- •Patients posing a serious suicidal risk and/or violence as judged by the investigator;
- •Patients with a current Axis I diagnosis of:
- •Amnestic and other cognitive disorder;
- •Patients who are on restricted diets (e.g., diabetes), who have an eating restriction disorder (e.g., bulimia, anorexia), or who are undergoing weight-reducing interventions (e.g. metformin, or structured diet program).
- •Patients with a history of hypothyroidism unless taking a stable dose of thyroid medication and asymptomatic or euthyroid for 6 months;
- •Patients who meet DSM-IV-TR criteria for any significant current substance dependence;
- •Patients with:
- •hepatic insufficiency (three times the upper limit of normal (ULN) for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and/or alanine aminotransferase (ALT)); liver transplant recipient; cirrhosis of the liver;
- •malignancy (except basal cell carcinoma) and/or chemotherapy within 1 year prior to screening; malignancy more than 1 year prior to screening must have been local and without metastasis and/or recurrence, and if treated with chemotherapy, without nervous system complications;
- •significant unstable medical condition or life threatening disease with anticipated survival of less than 6 months;
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Change in patients' weight and waist-to-hip ratio
Time Frame: From baseline to week 12
Mean change in patients' weight and waist-to-hip ratio from baseline and week 12 of the study
Change in schizophrenic symptoms as assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome
Time Frame: From baseline to Week 12
Mean change in the PANSS score from baseline to Week 12 of the study
Secondary Outcomes
- Time between baseline and discontinuation of treatment for any cause(Baseline, Weeks 8 and 12, Months 6 and 12)
- Change in severity of illness as assessed by the Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S)(Baseline, Week 12, Months 6 and 12)
- Change in global therapeutic benefit and global severity of side effects as assessed by Clinical Global Impression Efficacy Index (CGI-EI)(Week 12, Months 6 and 12)
- Change in health related quality of life as assessed by the EuroQol (EQ-5D-5L)(Baseline, Week 12, Months 6 and 12)
- Change in health related quality of life as assessed by the Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36)(Baseline, Week 12, Months 6 and 12)
- Pharmacogenetics in Psychiatry Follow-Up Questionnaire (PIP-FQ)(Baseline, when prescription changes are made (expected average of every 4 weeks), Months 6 and 12)
- Healthcare resource utilization (Composite measure of healthcare costs): physician visits, hospital utilization, emergency department visits, medication use, and laboratory tests(Baseline, Weeks 8 and 12, Months 6 and 12)
- Response rates to psychotropic medication(Baseline, Weeks 8 and 12, Months 6 and 12)
- Time to response(Baseline, Weeks 8 and 12, Months 6 and 12)
- Change in global improvement as assessed by Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I)(Week 12, Months 6 and 12)
- Changes to initial prescribing based on availability of pharmacogenomic data(Screening and Baseline)
- Change in psychotropic medication side effects as assessed by the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogeler (UKU) Side Effect Rating Scale(Baseline, Weeks 8 and 12, Months 6 and 12)
- Change in severity of dyskinesias as assessed by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS)(Baseline and Month 12)
- Productivity losses (measured as economic costs)(Baseline, Weeks 8 and 12, Months 6 and 12)