To assess the Gingival display and Gingival Zenith position display in anterior and premolar region of upper jaw and associate them with two different smile lines in both males and females.

Completed

• Conditions: Periodontally and systemically healthy males and females

• Registration Number: CTRI/2019/02/017818
• Lead Sponsor: Dr Abhay P Kolte

Brief Summary

**Background**: Gingival tissues circumforaneous to the maxillary anterior teeth have been known to play a crucial role in a beautiful smile. With the growing demand for esthetics, preliminary reports suggest the tooth and gingival display in premolar areas during smiling. So, the present study examines the tooth and gingival exhibits in relations to the Gingival smile line (GSL) and Interdental smile line (ISL).

**Materials and methods**: The study comprised of 120 periodontally healthy patients within an age range of 20 to 40 years, equally divided into two groups based on gender. Gingival zenith position (GZP), Gingival zenith level (GZL), presence or absence of interdental papilla, GSL and ISL were determined for maxillary anterior teeth till the second premolars.

**Results**: The mean GZL for second premolars were found to be greatest followed by the first premolar and then the lateral incisors. The GZL for female patients were slightly higher than the males. The difference between GZL for the first and second premolars in both males and females was found to be statistically significant (p<0.0001). Majority of the patients i.e. 36 (60%) in males and 33(55%) in females displayed first premolar, whereas both the premolars were visible in 18(30%) and 22(36%) respectively.

**Conclusion**: Within the smile corridor, majority of patients exhibit tooth and gingival display in the premolar region along with the maxillary anterior teeth. The GZL were greatest for the second premolars and least for the lateral incisor indicating considerable amount of gingival tissue display while smiling in GSL & ISL.

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2019-03-15
• Study Completion: 2019-11-06
• Last Update Posted: 2019-11-27

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 120

Inclusion Criteria

• 1.Males and females between the age group of 20-40 years.
• 2.Patients with healthy periodontal conditions, with a Plaque Index (Silness & Loe 1964) and Gingival Index (Loe & Silness 1963) between the score of 0–1.
• 3.Patients with fully erupted well-aligned maxillary Central Incisors, Lateral Incisors and Canines and Premolars without orthodontic anomaly.

Exclusion Criteria

• Exclusion Criteria 1.
• Patients diagnosed with destructive periodontal disease.
• Patients with a history of surgery in the anterior maxillary area, or open contact or crowding observed visually without aid.
• Pregnant women or one with a history of taking medications known to increase the risk of gingival hyperplasia.
• Those with the evidence of caries either on the interproximal surface or at cemento-enamel junction.
• Patients having artificial crown, proximal/cervical restorations or abrasions on the Central Incisors, Lateral Incisors and Canines and Premolars.
• 7.Patients having malaligned or Orthodontically treated, translocated/tilted teeth.
• Those having crowding, spacing, gingival recession with maxillary anterior and premolar teeth.

Study & Design

• Study Type: Observational
• Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Gingival and Gingival Zenith Position (GZP) display in maxillary anterior and premolar region will be evaluated and correlated with Gingival and Interdental Smile Line (GSL & ISL) in periodontally healthy male and female patients.	3 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Presence or absence of interdental papilla in maxillary anteriors and premolars on both right and left side of arch will be evaluated	3 months

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

VSPM Dental College and Research CentreDigdoh Hills, Hingna road Nagpur: 440019; 🇮🇳 Nagpur, MAHARASHTRA, India

VSPM Dental College and Research CentreDigdoh Hills, Hingna road Nagpur: 440019

🇮🇳Nagpur, MAHARASHTRA, India

Dr Abhay P Kolte

Principal investigator

9011071467

drabhaypkolte@gmail.com