Hypofractionated Accelerated Radiotherapy for Low Risk Localized Prostate Cancer

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Prostate Cancer

Interventions: Radiation: Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy

Registration Number: NCT01578902

Lead Sponsor: Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre

Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and efficacy of a short course of radiotherapy (35 Gy / 5 fractions / 29 days) for the treatment of low-risk prostate cancer.

Detailed Description: Rationale for Proposed Study With the availability of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) at the Odette Cancer Centre (OCC), there is an opportunity to explore the use of a much more intensive hypofractionation schedule for prostate cancer. Using an alpha/beta ratio of 1.3, a dose of 35 Gy in 5 fractions would be equivalent to 88 Gy delivered in 2 Gy fractions. For normal tissues (alpha/beta value of 2), this would be equivalent to 78 Gy in 2 Gy fractions. As such, the linear quadratic equation predicts that 35 Gy in 5 fractions should not result in any increased late toxicity for normal tissues compared to standard dose escalated radiotherapy. However, the biological dose to the prostate cancer would be significantly increased. As a safety precaution for this study proposal, the investigators propose to deliver 35 Gy in 5 fractions over 5 weeks (one radiotherapy fraction of 7 Gy per week) to allow for normal tissue repair.

With IMRT, it is expected that there will be superior conformality of the high dose region around the target volume. As well, the use of daily on-line imaging will allow us to eliminate interfraction prostate motion errors and use tighter planning target volume margins for any residual intrafraction motion. At OCC, such an approach has already been shown to be feasible and is currently employed in the phase 1/2 concomitant boost study for high risk prostate cancer.

If proven to be safe and effective, such a hypofractionated radiotherapy schedule may have significant practical advantages as well. With only 1 fraction of radiotherapy delivered each week (for a total of 5 weeks), there are huge savings in resource utilization and increased convenience for patients.

The investigators propose to start a small phase 1 study to explore the use of this dose fractionation for men with low risk prostate cancer. The primary endpoint for this small pilot study would be acute and late normal tissue toxicities. If proven to be feasible and safe, external peer-reviewed funding will be sought to further explore this novel treatment schedule in a larger phase 2 setting.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: Male

Target Recruitment: 84

Inclusion Criteria

Informed consent signed (Appendix A)
Adult men greater than 18 years of age
Histologically confirmed diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate (centrally reviewed).
Clinical stage T1-T2b, Gleason Score < 6, and PSA < 10 ng/mL
Less than 50% of biopsy cores +ve for cancer
Less than 50% overall surface area involved with cancer
Neoadjuvant hormone suppression therapy is allowed. However, PSA, must have been performed within 2 months of starting androgen suppression therapy. If androgen suppression therapy has been started LHRH agonist must be continued for a minimum of 3 months before initiation of gold fiducial marker insertion & radiotherapy planning.

Exclusion Criteria

Prior pelvic radiotherapy.
Concurrent anticoagulation medication (if it is unsafe to discontinue for gold seed insertion)
Diagnosis of bleeding diathesis
Presence of a hip prosthesis
Pelvic girth >40cm (to ensure visibility of gold seeds on electronic portal imaging device)
Large prostate (> 60 cm3) on imaging
Severe lower urinary tract symptoms (International Prostate Symptom Score > 15 or nocturia > 3)

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: SINGLE_GROUP

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Hypofractionated radiotherapy using SABR	Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy	Stereotactic radiation: 35Gy in 5 fractions over 29 days

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Incidence of Grade 3+ Gastrointestinal Toxicity	Acute period (up to 6 months)	Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v3.0

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Patient Reported Quality of Life	up to 5 years	Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC)
Incidence of Grade 3+ Genitourinary Toxicity	Acute (up to 6 months) and Late (6 months and after)	Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v3.0
Incidence of Grade 3+ Rectal and Urinary Toxicity	Late (6 months and after)	Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v3.0
Biochemical (ie. Prostate Specific Antigen) Disease Free Survival	5 year	Failure = Follow-up PSA greater than nadir PSA + 2 ng/ml
Biopsy Positive Rate	3 year	Patients were biopsied at 3 years post treatment