Comparative evaluation of egg shell derived Nano hydroxyapatite and synthetic hydroxyapatite both combined with concentrated growth factor in bone regeneration after mandibular 3rd molar surgery

Use of various bone graft substitutes are advised to prevent bone loss, periodontal problems and enhance bone formation. Choice of the graft substitute depend on the biological properties and the cost of the material. Hence, a preliminary study was planned to evaluate the effectiveness of eggshell derived nano hydroxyapatite as an emerging graft substitute for the enhancement of bone regeneration.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is apatite calcium phosphate. In many disciplines of surgery HA is being used as graft material successfullyIn particular, HA shows highest level of bioactivity and forms a quick bond with bone.A recent study showed bioactive effect of the HA ceramic is because of the ability to concentrate active fibronectin on its surface.Hydroxyapatite is available in porous/dense block or granular form for clinical use.  It is an inorganic ceramic substance which does not cause any foreign body reaction; in porous grafts the hard tissue grows into it and mingles with natural tissues.

The eggshell formulations have been used since the beginning as trace element and mineral supplying agents.The eggshell powder has been examined in rats for bone healing. Few studies show surface modified eggshell powder as osteoconductive bone filling material with variable benefit in bone regeneration.The literature showed material properties of egg- shell-derived hydroxyapatite (EHA) are superior when compared with the commercially available graft materials.So, the EHA has been introduced as bone graft substitute recently. Histomorphometric evaluation showed that the EHA has excellent new bone formation ability.This has led to the curiosity to prepare the EHA from eggshell waste in a very economical way.