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Biomarkers of Independent Walking Post-Stroke

Recruiting
Conditions
Gait, Hemiplegic
Stroke, Acute
Interventions
Diagnostic Test: MRI
Diagnostic Test: blood draw
Other: Clinical assessments
Registration Number
NCT05004389
Lead Sponsor
University of Vermont
Brief Summary

Prediction of walking recovery after stroke can inform patient-centered care and support discharge planning. The accuracy of current prediction models is limited, however, due to small study designs and narrow predictors assessed. The investigators propose a comprehensive evaluation of a novel combination of biomarkers to improve prediction of walking recovery and guide rehabilitation efforts after stroke. These include acute structural brain network disruption (utilizing MRI); blood biomarker levels (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor); and clinical assessments of strength and mobility. The overall study objectives are to assess protocol feasibility and investigate relationships between select biomarkers and walking recovery to provide strong justification for a larger study on predictors of independent walking after stroke. The proposed objectives will be pursued through the following specific aims: 1) Assess feasibility of a larger study and develop methods for telehealth data collection; 2) Establish baseline levels of biomarkers and average change over time; and 3) Elucidate relationships between baseline levels of biomarkers and walking gains across time in persons after stroke. A longitudinal, observational study design will be utilized for this study. Thirty-five persons with acute (≤7 days) stroke will be recruited from the local medical center. Select inclusion criteria include presence of new lower limb weakness and assistance for walking; select exclusion criteria include cerebellar stroke or other neurological disorders such as Parkinson's Disease. Subjects will undergo clinical evaluation at week 1, 4, 9, 12, and 26 weeks post-stroke. MRI scans will occur within 12 days post-stroke and at 12 weeks post-stroke, and blood draws within 1 week, 1 to 2 weeks and at 12 weeks post-stroke. To assess feasibility the investigators will examine study processes, recruitment, resources, study management, and scientific assessment. To examine the role of acute clinical, neuroimaging, and physiological measures in predicting walking recovery, the investigators will examine relationships between these measures and walking outcome at 12-weeks post-stroke. The proposed research is expected to provide strong scientific support for future clinical trials designed to target therapies based on predicted functional potential. Such knowledge has the potential of enhancing mobility gains and patient independence following stroke.

Detailed Description

The investigators will utilize a longitudinal, observational study design to investigate predictors of walking recovery post-stroke. Subjects will undergo clinical evaluation at week 1, 4, 9, 12, and 26 weeks after the initial onset of stroke symptoms; MRI scan within 12 days and at 12 weeks post-stroke; and blood draws at 1 week, 1 to 2 weeks and at 12 weeks post-stroke. Subjects will be recruited from the University of Vermont Medical Center (UVMMC), with a goal sample of 35 patients (accounts for 15% attrition). Subjects will provide written consent before participation.

Aim 1: Assess feasibility of a larger study and develop methods for telehealth data collection

Data Collection: To assess feasibility the investigators will examine study processes, recruitment, resources, study management, and scientific assessment.

Data Analyses: Feasibility questions will be examined using descriptive statistics and qualitative analyses. To ensure collection and dissemination of high quality data, the "CONSORT 2010 checklist of information to include when reporting a pilot or feasibility trial" will be used to guide data collection and analysis.

Aim 2: Establish baseline levels of biomarkers (clinical, neuroimaging, blood) and average change over time.

Experimental Protocol: Subjects will undergo baseline clinical assessment (within 1-week post-stroke), MRI scan (within 12 days post-stroke), and blood draw (within 1 week post-stroke). These same measures will be repeated 12 weeks after stroke (primary predictive outcome).

Data Analyses:

1. Establishing baseline levels of clinical measures, neuroimaging and blood biomarkers: To determine the variability in participants' walking ability/balance/strength, post-stroke preservation of sensorimotor connectivity, and acute changes in blood markers associated with immune response (IL-6, IL-10, cross-reacting protein, TNF alpha), neural function (BDNF), and blood vessel/ circulation (VEGF, matrix metalloproteinase, insulin like growth factor-1, cGP), descriptive statistics will be obtained. Results will be stratified by stroke characteristics and NIHSS score.

2. Quantifying change over time for clinical measures: defined as the average difference between 1-4-,9-,12-, and 26-week values. To examine change over time, the investigators will perform paired t-tests (or non-parametric equivalent) and effect size calculations on all outcome measures, using the 12 week post-stroke timepoint as the primary outcome. The investigators will also use the following minimal clinically important difference (MCID) or minimal detectable change (MDC) values to determine if observed statistical differences are clinically relevant: 0.16 m/s change in gait speed, 6-point change in Berg Balance Scale, and a change of three repetitions in 30 second Sit-To-Stand.

3. Quantifying change over time for neuroimaging and blood biomarkers: defined as the average difference between baseline and 12-week values. To examine change over time, the investigators will perform paired t-tests (or non-parametric equivalent) and effect size calculations.

4. Secondary analyses: will be performed with assistance and training from Core C (e.g., 5 dimensions spatial-temporal maps of walking biomechanics and/or muscle activation).

Aim 3: Elucidate relationships between baseline levels of biomarkers and walking gains across time in persons after stroke.

Experimental Protocol: Subjects will undergo the same experimental procedures as in Aims 1 and 2.

Data Analysis: To study the role of acute clinical, neuroimaging, and physiological measures in predicting recovery of independent walking post-stroke, the investigators will examine relationships between these measures and walking outcome as defined by the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC).

1. Identifying the time to regaining independent walking after stroke: defined as the time post-stroke (as measured at 1, 4, 9, 12, or 26 weeks post-stroke) at which a participant achieves a score of ≥4 on the FAC.

2. Quantifying the relationship between acute measures and walking outcome at 12 weeks post-stroke (primary predictive outcome): the relationship between clinical, MRI, and blood biomarkers and walking outcome at 12 weeks post-stroke (± independently walking) will be examined using logistic regression, correcting for potential confounders \[age, sex, stroke severity (NIHSS)\]. Secondary analyses will be performed by evaluating trends over time (repeated measures model).

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
RECRUITING
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
35
Inclusion Criteria

Not provided

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Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

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Study & Design

Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Study Design
Not specified
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Acute StrokeClinical assessmentsPersons ≥ 18 years of age with acute (≤ 7 days) ischemic or intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke.
Acute StrokeMRIPersons ≥ 18 years of age with acute (≤ 7 days) ischemic or intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke.
Acute Strokeblood drawPersons ≥ 18 years of age with acute (≤ 7 days) ischemic or intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Change in Functional Ambulation Categoryweek 1, week 4, week 9, week 12, and week 26 s/p stroke

Assessment of walking assistance

Change in blood markers - VEGFwithin week 1, at 1-2 weeks and at 12 weeks post-stroke

serum VEGF

Change in diffusion tensor imagingwithin 12 days and at 12 weeks post-stroke

fractional anisotropy and structural connectivity metrics

Change in blood markers - BDNFwithin week 1, at 1-2 weeks and at 12 weeks post-stroke

serum BDNF

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Change in 3-meter walk testweek 1, week 4, week 9, week 12, and week 26 s/p stroke

Assessment of gait speed

Change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scalewithin 72 hours and 1 week post-stroke

Stroke severity assessment; scores range from 0 (min) to 42 (max), with higher values indicating greater stroke severity (worse outcome)

Change in Barthel Indexweek 12 and 26 s/p stroke

Assessment of activities of daily living

Change in Modified Rankin Scaleweek 12 and 26 s/p stroke

Assessment of level of disability; scores range from 0 (min) to 5 (max), with higher values indicating greater disability (worse outcome)

Mini-Mental Status Exam1 week post-stroke

Cognition

Change in Trunk Control Testweek 1, week 4, week 9, week 12, and week 26 s/p stroke

Assessment of trunk/postural control

Change in lower extremity muscle strength as assessed by Medical Research Council gradesweek 1, week 4, week 9, week 12, and week 26 s/p stroke

Assessment of specific muscle strength; scores range from 0 (no muscle contraction) to 5 (normal power)

Change in Berg Balance Scaleweek 1, week 4, week 9, week 12, and week 26 s/p stroke

Assessment of static/dynamic sitting and standing balance; scores range from 0 (min) to 56 (max), with higher values indicating better balance/outcome

Change in Motricity Index (lower limb portion)week 1 , week 4, week 9, week 12, and week 26 s/p stroke

assessment of motor function/strength of the lower limbs

Change in Modified 30 second sit to standweek 1, week 4, week 9, week 12, and week 26 s/p stroke

Assessment of lower limb power

Change in Fatigue Severity Scaleweek 1, week 4, week 9, week 12, and week 26 s/p stroke

Assessment of fatigue level; scores range from 9 (min) to 63 (max), with higher values indicating greater fatigue severity (worse outcome)

Change in physical activity levels as assessed by the Physical Activity Vital Sign questionnaireweek 12 and 26 post-stroke

Assessment of physical activity levels; self-report of average number of days and minutes engaged in physical activity per week

Change in blood markers - IL-6within week 1,at 1-2 weeks and at 12 weeks post-stroke

IL-6

Change in blood markers - cGPwithin 1 week, at 1-2 weeks and at 12 weeks post-stroke

cGP

Change in Opal sensor metric - gaitweek 1, week 4, week 9, week 12, and week 26 s/p stroke

Assessment of spatiotemporal parameters of gait

Change in Opal sensor metric - postureweek 1, week 4, week 9, week 12, and week 26 s/p stroke

Assessment of postural sway

Change in blood markers - IL-10within week 1,at 1-2 weeks and at 12 weeks post-stroke

IL-10

Change in blood markers - C reactive proteinwithin week 1 ,at 1-2 weeks and at 12 weeks post-stroke

CRP

Change in blood markers - TNFalphawithin week 1, at 1-2 weeks and at 12 weeks post-stroke

TNFalpha

Change in blood markers - matrix metalloproteinasewithin week 1, at 1-2 weeks and at 12 weeks post-stroke

MMP

Change in blood markers - insulin-like growth factor-1within 1 week, at 1-2 weeks and at 12 weeks post-stroke

IGF-1

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

University of Vermont Medical Center

🇺🇸

Burlington, Vermont, United States

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