Cardioprotective Effect of Ketamine-dexmeditomidine Versus Fentanyl-midazolam in Open Heart Surgery in Pediatrics

Phase 1

Completed

• Conditions: Anesthesia
• Interventions: Drug: Ketamine- dexmedetomidine; Drug: Fentanyl- midazolam; Drug: Isoflurane

• Registration Number: NCT05314569
• Lead Sponsor: Cairo University

Brief Summary

congenital hearts are very sensitive and irritable to deal with, especially during repair defects, the child's heart is exposed to impaired myocardial function during the entire procedure. Moreover, reperfusion of the heart during open-heart surgery when the myocardium is exposed to a global ischaemic cardioplegic arrest can induce myocardial injury. Myocardial reperfusion injury activates neutrophils, which trigger an inflammatory response resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokine release, and complement activation, which further induce more cardiac injury. In addition to the inflammatory response generated as a result of tissue reperfusion injury, there is a significant systemic inflammatory response that is triggered by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during open-heart surgery

Detailed Description

Myocardial protection is an important issue. This is reflected in the clinical prognosis of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and this can be measured by the most popular Cardiac biomarkers ( cardiac troponin I (cTnI)). (2)

A large number of anesthetic agents have been implicated in protecting the heart against ischemia and reperfusion injury. Ketamine has an anti-inflammatory effect and has been shown to reduce ROS generation by neutrophils and to decrease endotoxin stimulated IL6 production in human whole blood although it does not impair neutrophil function. (3)

Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective, short-acting, central α2-adrenergic agonist with intense sympatholytic qualities. Dexmedetomidine has been increasingly used as a component of general anesthesia, including cardiac surgical applications due to its sedative/hypnotic and analgesic effects which are enhanced by its cardioprotective properties. (4) Riha et.al showed that ketamine - Dexmedetomidine combination had superior cardioprotective effects as measured by cardiac markers as compared to sevoflurane- sufentanil anesthesia after cardiac surgery. (5) Midazolam is known to have potential anti-inflammatory effects and antioxidant activity. They have been proven to provide protective effects for patients who underwent cardiac surgery. (6) Fentanyl is one opioid that has been closely linked to inflammatory mediators and myocardial protection. It reduces the CPB-induced inflammatory response and ischaemic reperfusion injury during cardiac surgery. These effects are related to improvement in intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and do not seem to be related to the adhesion of neutrophils in the coronary system. (7) To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing the combined effect of Ketamine- Dexmedetomidine versus fentanyl- midazolam against ischemia and reperfusion injury in pediatric congenital heart surgery repair.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2022-03-27
• Study First Submitted QC: 2022-04-05
• Study First Posted: 2022-04-06
• Study Start: 2022-04-15
• Primary Completion: 2022-09-20
• Study Completion: 2022-09-25
• Status Verified: 2024-02
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-02-06
• Last Update Posted: 2024-02-07

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 81

Inclusion Criteria

• the American Society of Anesthesiologists II and III
• elective open Congenital cardiac surgery(VSD, AV canal, and partial anomaly) using cardiopulmonary bypass

Exclusion Criteria

• less than 6 months or more than 24 months.
• weight < 5 kg.
• cyanotic heart disease
• patients with heart failure, an implantable pacemaker, pulmonary hypertension, preoperative administration of inotropic agents, serum creatinine higher than1.5 mg/dL, chronic liver disease, patients receiving sulfonylurea, theophylline, or allopurinol

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Ketamine-dexmedetomidine group( KD)	Ketamine- dexmedetomidine	After induction of anesthesia , dexmedetomidine will be given(1 ug /kg ) over 10 min, then ketamine(2 m/kg) . maintenance throughout the procedure, with the bispectral index between 40 and 60%. by infusing Dexmedetomidine( 0.5 μg/.kg /.h r)) ketamine,( 1 m/kg/hr),
. Fentanyl- midazolam group (FM)	Fentanyl- midazolam	After induction of anesthesia fentanyl( 3 μg/kg), midazolam( 100 ug /kg over 2 to 3 minutes) maintenance throughout the procedure, with the bispectral index between 40 and 60%. by infusing midazolam (1 ug /kg /min)-fentanyl( 2 μg/kg/h ).
Control group(C)	Isoflurane	anesthesia will be maintained using Isoflurane 1.2MAC keeping the bispectral index( BIS) between 40-60%.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
troponin level	6 hours	mean troponin level post arotic declamping.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
heart rates	every 15 minutes	records of reading till the end of the surgery
aortic cross clamping	2 hours	duration of clamping
need of nitroglycerin infusion	6 hours	number of patients
inotropic support	6 hours	number of patients
blood pressure	every 15 minutes	records of reading till the end of the surgery

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Amany Hassan Saleh; 🇪🇬 Giza, Egypt