The Effects of Yoga Exercises on Body Composition, Respiratory Parameters and Functional Levels in Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 尚未招募
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 50
- 主要终点
- Hip Circumference
研究概览
简要总结
Obesity has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an abnormal accumulation of fat in the body that negatively affects health and has been reported to be the most significant public health problem of the 21st century. In the late 1990s, WHO described obesity as a "global epidemic." This epidemic and its associated complications cause the death of 2.8 million adults annually. Additionally, obesity imposes a significant financial burden on countries' healthcare and social security systems. Therefore, obesity stands out as an issue that requires urgent preventive measures.
Obesity is associated with various abnormalities in respiratory functions. Changes in respiratory system mechanics due to decreased lung volumes indicate a strong link between obesity and chronic respiratory diseases. Furthermore, obesity is a risk factor for conditions such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes.
Yoga is known to have numerous positive effects on health and can provide significant benefits, particularly in improving respiratory functions. Yoga is also an important tool for coping with stress, which can positively influence the respiratory system. It has been reported that yoga reduces the impact of stress on respiratory rate, promoting deep breathing and relaxation.
Some studies on the effects of yoga on obesity have not reached significant conclusions. A study comparing the effects of Vinyasa and Hatha yoga on obesity management found that neither type had a significant effect on metabolism. These studies fail to fully explain the mechanism by which yoga affects obesity due to differences in yoga styles and their lack of standardization, variations in practice durations, and the differing characteristics of study populations. Furthermore, studies on obesity and yoga often have short intervention durations (an average of 8 weeks), with most involving 60-90 minute sessions conducted 1-2 times per week.
Since longer-term studies are needed to better understand the relationship between obesity and yoga, this study aims to investigate the effects of yoga exercises on body composition, respiratory parameters, functional level, sleep quality, quality of life, and emotional state in overweight and obese women.
详细描述
Obesity is a preventable yet significant health burden classified as a lifestyle disease. It is defined as excessive fat accumulation in the body, reaching levels that can negatively impact health. Body mass index (BMI) is used to classify overweight and obesity. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines overweight in adults as a BMI of 25 kg/m² or higher and obesity as a BMI of 30 kg/m² or higher. The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, especially in developing countries. The point prevalence rate in women (15%) is higher than in men (11%). Over the past fifty years, global obesity rates have tripled. A study determined that over 1.9 billion adults aged 18 and older were overweight, with 650 million of them classified as obese.
Obesity is a known risk factor for numerous chronic diseases, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, depression, and knee osteoarthritis. Since a sedentary lifestyle is one of the primary causes of obesity, regular physical activity is recommended as a treatment option for non-morbid obesity. Various studies have demonstrated a strong inverse relationship between physical activity and BMI. However, it is well known that obese individuals face challenges in increasing and maintaining physical activity levels. Therefore, there is a search for pragmatic interventions that are easy to implement and promote increased physical activity for sustainable weight loss in obese individuals.
According to the 2012 report of the National Health Statistics in the United States, the prevalence of using any complementary medicine method among adults over 18 years old was 33.2%, with yoga being one of the most frequently preferred methods. Compared to other exercises, yoga offers several advantages, such as being independent of weather conditions, requiring no financial cost, and being applicable in both indoor and outdoor settings, which has contributed to its increasing popularity and widespread adoption.
Yoga, derived from the Sanskrit word meaning "union," aims to harmonize the mind, body, and spirit. Traditional yoga consists of the eight limbs defined by Patanjali: Yamas and Niyamas (moral and ethical restraints), Asanas (postures), Pranayama (breath regulation), Pratyahara (withdrawal of senses), Dharana (concentration), Dhyana (meditation), and Samadhi (self-realization). Yoga is designed to enhance both physical and mental health, thus improving overall quality of life. Numerous studies have shown that yoga reduces stress levels and enhances general well-being. In addition to its physical health benefits, yoga positively impacts psychological health. Research suggests that yoga can improve body image and quality of life.
The current U.S. National Physical Activity Guidelines categorize yoga as a light-intensity (such as Hatha yoga) or moderate-intensity (such as Vinyasa or power yoga) physical activity, depending on the style. Additionally, yoga can function as both an aerobic and strength-based exercise, depending on the style and postures practiced. The guidelines recommend 150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity yoga per week for adults. The American College of Sports Medicine classifies yoga as a neuromotor exercise, suggesting its practice at least 2-3 times per week for 20-30 minutes per session without specifying intensity levels. Yoga has several benefits, including preventing weight gain, reducing body fat mass, and increasing lean body mass.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 65 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Age between 18-65 years
- •Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25
- •Waist circumference > 88 cm
- •Waist-to-hip ratio > 0.8
- •Being literate, willing to participate, and signing the informed consent form
- •No mental disorders
- •No orthopedic or neurological conditions affecting balance
- •No history of surgical operations in the last 6 months
排除标准
- •Pregnant and breastfeeding mothers
- •Participants following any diet program for obesity
- •Individuals with syndromic or endocrine-related obesity
- •Participants who regularly exercise
- •Individuals using psychiatric medication
- •Participants with a medical history that would prevent them from practicing yoga
- •Participants with cardiovascular diseases that prevent exercise
- •Participants with a yoga history within the last 6 months
- •Individuals with any complications of obesity requiring medication, such as Type 2 diabetes or Stage 2 hypertension
- •Experiencing pain over 7 on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
研究组 & 干预措施
yoga exercise group
The program will run for twelve weeks, with three sessions per week, each lasting sixty minutes, under the guidance of Physiotherapist Tuğçe BAĞCI.
干预措施: yoga exercises (Behavioral)
control group
Participants in this group will not receive any exercise intervention. They will be instructed not to participate in any exercise program throughout the duration of the study.
结局指标
主要结局
Hip Circumference
时间窗: From enrollment to the end of treatment at twelve weeks
Hip circumference will be measured around the widest portion of the buttocks, with the tape parallel to the floor. The individual will stand with feet close together, arms at the sides, and body weight evenly distributed. The measurement will be taken to the nearest 0.1 cm, ensuring the tape is snug but not compressing the skin.
Fat Percentage (%)
时间窗: From enrollment to the end of treatment at twelve weeks
Fat Percentage (%) analysis will be conducted under the supervision of a dietitian using the Tanita bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) scale device to measure.
Muscle Mass (kg)
时间窗: From enrollment to the end of treatment at twelve weeks
Muscle Mass (kg) analysis will be conducted under the supervision of a dietitian using the Tanita bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) scale device to measure.
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
时间窗: From enrollment to the end of treatment at twelve weeks
Spirometry is a fundamental test for assessing lung function and is essential for the evaluation and monitoring of respiratory diseases. Spirometry is a physiological test that measures the maximum effort a person can exhale and the maximum volume of air they can exhale. For the evaluation of lung function, a Care Fusion brand spirometry device will be used. Before the test, the patient's gender, age, height, and weight will be recorded in the device. The patient will be seated in a position that facilitates the required maneuvers, and nasal breathing will be prevented by placing a nose clip. After three test measurements with 95% consistency, the best value obtained will be used.
Forced Expiratory Volume at One Second (FEV1)
时间窗: From enrollment to the end of treatment at twelve weeks
Spirometry is a fundamental test for assessing lung function and is essential for the evaluation and monitoring of respiratory diseases. Spirometry is a physiological test that measures the maximum effort a person can exhale and the maximum volume of air they can exhale. For the evaluation of lung function, a Care Fusion brand spirometry device will be used. Before the test, the patient's gender, age, height, and weight will be recorded in the device. The patient will be seated in a position that facilitates the required maneuvers, and nasal breathing will be prevented by placing a nose clip. After three test measurements with 95% consistency, the best value obtained will be used.
Assessment of Dynamic Balance and Functional Level (Timed Up and Go Test)
时间窗: From enrollment to the end of treatment at twelve weeks"
The test, originally called the "Timed Up \& Go Test," is frequently used to measure the functional status of the lower extremities. This test also assesses individuals' ability to maintain balance during transfers and walking. In this test, individuals are asked to sit on a standard fourtyfive cm high chair with their feet flat on the ground, then stand up, walk as quickly but safely as possible for three meters, turn around at the marked point three meters away, walk back toward the chair, and sit down again. The time taken between starting and finishing the test is recorded in seconds using a stopwatch. Individuals are asked to repeat the test three times, and the average of the three trials is used for analysis.
Maximum Mid-expiratory Flow 25-75% (MMEF25-75)
时间窗: From enrollment to the end of treatment at twelve weeks
Spirometry is a fundamental test for assessing lung function and is essential for the evaluation and monitoring of respiratory diseases. Spirometry is a physiological test that measures the maximum effort a person can exhale and the maximum volume of air they can exhale. For the evaluation of lung function, a Care Fusion brand spirometry device will be used. Before the test, the patient's gender, age, height, and weight will be recorded in the device. The patient will be seated in a position that facilitates the required maneuvers, and nasal breathing will be prevented by placing a nose clip. After three test measurements with 95% consistency, the best value obtained will be used.
FEV1/FVC
时间窗: From enrollment to the end of treatment at twelve weeks
Spirometry is a fundamental test for assessing lung function and is essential for the evaluation and monitoring of respiratory diseases. Spirometry is a physiological test that measures the maximum effort a person can exhale and the maximum volume of air they can exhale. For the evaluation of lung function, a Care Fusion brand spirometry device will be used. Before the test, the patient's gender, age, height, and weight will be recorded in the device. The patient will be seated in a position that facilitates the required maneuvers, and nasal breathing will be prevented by placing a nose clip. After three test measurements with 95% consistency, the best value obtained will be used.
Height (cm)
时间窗: From enrollment to the end of treatment at twelve weeks
For height measurement (cm), a stadiometer (±0.5 cm) will be used.
Fat Mass (kg)
时间窗: From enrollment to the end of treatment at twelve weeks
Fat Mass (kg) analysis will be conducted under the supervision of a dietitian using the Tanita bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) scale device to measure.
Body Mass Index
时间窗: From enrollment to the end of treatment at twelve weeks
Weight (kg): The Tanita BIA scale device will measure the individual's body weight in kilograms. This measurement is essential for calculating other body composition parameters and assessing overall health. Height (cm): A stadiometer with an accuracy of ±0.5 cm will be used to measure the individual's height in centimeters. Accurate height measurement is fundamental for calculating body mass index (BMI) and assessing growth patterns.After completing the measurements, the dietitian will calculate the BMI by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters. BMI is a widely used indicator to assess whether an individual has a healthy body weight for a given height.
Waist Circumference
时间窗: From enrollment to the end of treatment at twelve weeks
Waist circumference will be measured at the midpoint between the lower margin of the last palpable rib and the top of the iliac crest, using a non-stretch tape measure. The individual will stand with feet close together, arms at the sides, and body weight evenly distributed. The measurement will be taken at the end of a normal expiration, ensuring the tape is horizontal and snug but not compressing the skin.
Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
时间窗: From enrollment to the end of treatment at twelve weeks
Spirometry is a fundamental test for assessing lung function and is essential for the evaluation and monitoring of respiratory diseases. Spirometry is a physiological test that measures the maximum effort a person can exhale and the maximum volume of air they can exhale. For the evaluation of lung function, a Care Fusion brand spirometry device will be used. Before the test, the patient's gender, age, height, and weight will be recorded in the device. The patient will be seated in a position that facilitates the required maneuvers, and nasal breathing will be prevented by placing a nose clip. After three test measurements with 95% consistency, the best value obtained will be used.
Weight (kg)
时间窗: From enrollment to the end of treatment at twelve weeks
Weight analysis will be conducted under the supervision of a dietitian using the Tanita bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) scale device to measure.
Muscle Percentage (%)
时间窗: From enrollment to the end of treatment at twelve weeks
Muscle percentage (%) analysis will be conducted under the supervision of a dietitian using the Tanita bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) scale device to measure.
次要结局
- Assessment of Quality of Life (Short Form-36)(From enrollment to the end of treatment at twelve weeks")
- Assessment of Sleep Quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - PSQI)(From enrollment to the end of treatment at twelve weeks")
- Assessment of Emotional Status (Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI))(From enrollment to the end of treatment at twelve weeks")
- Assessment of Emotional Status (Beck Depression Inventory (BDI))(From enrollment to the end of treatment at twelve weeks")
研究者
MİNE PEKESEN KURTÇA
Associate Professor
Ondokuz Mayıs University