Autonomic and Cardiovascular Changes of Yoga Poses, Breath Control and Stretching Exercises in Hypertensive Post-Menopause Women: Randomized Controlled Trial
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- Enrollment
- 50
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Cardiovascular autonomic control by heart rate variability(HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) in frequency domain acquired by Finometer
Study Overview
Brief Summary
Autonomic and endothelial imbalance in post menopause women raise the need to manage cardiovascular risk. Yoga poses and breathing control present controversial results on prevention and treatment of hypertension.. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of 12 week intervention based on yoga poses and their muscle contractions known as bandhas (pelvic floor, core and throat/neck) and ujjayi pranayama (victorious breath) on autonomic modulation, endothelial function, arterial stiffness, aerobic capacity and cognitive function of hypertensive post-menopausal women.
Detailed Description
Abstract: Increased hypertension prevalence in post-menopausal women, along with cardiovascular damages such as autonomic and endothelial imbalance raise the need to include non-pharmacological interventions, such as yoga in the management of cardiovascular risk. Yoga practices are composed by several variations of techniques including physical postures (yoga poses and specific muscles contractions), breathing control (pranayamas), relaxation and meditation, beside others.The effects of each of these compounds has not been elucidated up to date and can be considered confounding effects for commonly named "yoga programs". Existing yoga based data are controversial about its effect on prevention and treatment of hypertension and point to poor methodological standards of most studies. Considering the effects of comparable interventions such as slow breathing on improving autonomic modulation, resistive and isometric exercise on endothelial function, and associations of flexibility with arterial stiffness, it´s licit to search for specific effects of yoga compounds. Thus, the aim of this study is to compare the effect of 12 week intervention based on yoga poses including their muscle contractions known as bandhas (pelvic floor, core and throat/neck), ujjayi pranayama (victorious breath) and stretching/ flexibility on autonomic modulation, endothelial function, arterial stiffness, aerobic capacity and cognitive function of hypertensive post-menopausal women.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Factorial
- Primary Purpose
- Health Services Research
- Masking
- Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking Description
All participants will be told they are attending to a yoga protocol. All outcomes assessments will be taken by blind investigators to the interventions.
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 45 Years to 65 Years (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- Female
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- •FSH>35mui/ml
- •minimum 12 months amenorrhea
- •sedentary life style (less than 150 minutes per week of exercise)
- •never been in yoga -practicing (self declaration)
- •Blood pressure > 140/90 or in continuous use of medication (diuretics,Ca+ channel inhibitors, ACE inhibitors)
Exclusion Criteria
- •Use of Betablockers
- •recent cardiovascular events or surgery
- •renal alterations
- •respiratory and/or motor pathologies
- •BMI>34,9
Arms & Interventions
Yoga Poses + Breath control
Twice a week 75 minutes video class of yoga poses routine ( including yoga bandhas with specific muscles contractions) combined with ujjayi pranayama technique as breath control
Intervention: Yoga Poses (Other)
Yoga Poses + Breath control
Twice a week 75 minutes video class of yoga poses routine ( including yoga bandhas with specific muscles contractions) combined with ujjayi pranayama technique as breath control
Intervention: Breath Control (Other)
Yoga Poses
Twice a week 75 minutes video class of yoga poses routine ( including yoga bandhas/ specific muscles contractions)
Intervention: Yoga Poses (Other)
Stretching Exercises + Breath control
Twice a week 75 minutes video class of stretching exercises routine combined with ujjayi pranayama technique as breath control
Intervention: Breath Control (Other)
Stretching Exercises + Breath control
Twice a week 75 minutes video class of stretching exercises routine combined with ujjayi pranayama technique as breath control
Intervention: Stretching exercises (Other)
Stretching Exercises
Twice a week 75 minutes video class of stretching exercises routine
Intervention: Stretching exercises (Other)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Cardiovascular autonomic control by heart rate variability(HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) in frequency domain acquired by Finometer
Time Frame: 30 minutes
Sympathovagal balance HRV (ratio of low frequency (LF in ms2) and high frequency (HF in ms2) components of HRV = LF/HF)
Secondary Outcomes
- Blood levels of sample analysis of Inflammatory markers (ELISA)(5 minutes along for all blood samples)
- Carotid -femoral pulse wave velocity (Complior)(10 minutes)
- Diaphragm Thickness by ultrasound(5 minutes)
- Flow mediated dilation (FMD) of brachial artery by ultrasound(20 minutes)
- Assessment of center of pressure (COP) and balance by baropodometry platform(5 minutes)
- Sit and reach flexibility test(5 minutes)
- Maximal Oxygen Uptake by Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test(45 minutes)
- Ambulatory Arterial Pressure Monitoring(24 hours)
- Respiratory rate and movements of rib cage and abdomen by Pneumotrace respiratory belt(30 minutes along with Finometer)
- Blood samples laboratorial analysis(5 minutes)
- Fat percentage by Bioimpedance(5 minutes)
- Cognitive function(40 minutes)
- Intima Media Thickness of carotid artery by ultrasound(5 minutes)
- Blood sample analysis of oxidative stress markers (Spectrophotometry)(5 minutes along for all blood samples)