Mindfulness-based Intervention on Parent Empowerment in Reducing Young Children's Screen Time (MORE): a Mixed Method Study

The research design was a two-arm waitlist, randomised controlled study with a focus group interview with 60 participants. The intervention integrates the mindfulness-based component into a modified Hands-on Parent Empowerment-20 (HOPE-20) programme, and is named as MORE (i.e. Mindfulness-based intervention On parent empowerment in REducing children's screen time). The intervention consists of 6 weeks of MBI training, each lasting for 2 hours, led by an experienced certified mindfulness teacher. The intervention programme consists of three components: (1) skill part - 4 lessons talk about parenting skills (Praising, token system, response cost, planned ignorance, quiet zone); (2) skill part - 2 lessons talk about child-parent communication (building relationship, communication strategies); and (3) mindfulness part - mindfulness-based training. The primary outcomes are young children's ST and children's disruptive behaviour. Feasibility outcomes include recruitment rate, retention rate, and acceptability of the interventions. Secondary outcomes include parent-child relationships, parents' perceptions of their abilities to manage the demands of parenting, parental stress level, and social support adequacy. The proposal also includes plans for focus group interviews with participants to gather qualitative data. Analyses will include descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square test, Pearson's product-moment correlations, One-way ANOVA. A p-value < 0.05 will be taken as the level of statistical significant. The 95% Confidence interval (CI) around the differences will be calculated. For qualitative data, the results will be analyzed descriptively and narratively. The proposal highlights the potential of MBI for reducing young children's ST, as well as improving children-parent relationships, enhancing the efficacy and satisfaction level of the parents, and reducing the stress level of the parents.