Comparison of Functional and Maximal Exercise Capacity, Respiratory and Peripheral Muscle Strength, Dyspnea and Fatigue in Heart Failure Patients With Pacemakers and Healthy Controls

Heart failure is a chronic, progressive condition in which the heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood through to meet the body's needs for blood and oxygen. Safeguarding HF patients at increased risk of sudden cardiac death due to ventricular arrhythmias and HF as a result of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and cardiac abnormal synchronization has continued to improve. Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), which restore normal heart rhythm using pacing, cardioversion or defibrillation, and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), which resynchronizes the contraction of the heart using biventricular pacing, are nowadays widely used to treat the aforementioned conditions.

New developments in medical treatments have focused on the primary affected organs, targeting reduced left ventricular ejection fraction in chronic HF. Although major breakthroughs in the treatments have occurred in recent years, especially implantable medical devices, it is clear that when drugs are optimally prescribed, even the latest technology used in pacemakers reported problems, especially functional impairments and symptoms often remain. In recent decades, it has become obvious that disease severity should not be estimated from cardiac function impairment alone. However, what has not hitherto been clearly investigated is the fact that even functional and maximal exercise capacity, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength and pulmonary function are impaired, and dyspnea in the activities of daily living and fatigue perception increased in HF patients with pacemakers.

Hence, investiators designed a prospective, cross-sectional study to compare the aforementioned outcomes in HF patients with pacemakers and healthy controls. Investigators hypothesized that functional and maximal exercise capacity, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, and pulmonary function are impaired, and dyspnea in the activities of daily living, and fatigue perception increased in HF patients with pacemakers.

A cross-sectional study. 50 HF patients with pacemakers and 40 controls were compared. Functional (6-Minute Walking test (6-MWT)) and maximal exercise capacity (Incremental Shuttle Walking test (ISWT)), respiratory (MIP, MEP; Mouth pressure device) and peripheral muscle strength (Dynamometer), pulmonary function (Spirometry) dyspnea (Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea scale) (MMRC)), and fatigue (Fatigue Severity scale (FSS)) were evaluated.