Effect of Hegu Point Ice Massage and Music in Dysmenorrhea

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Primary Dysmenorrhea
• Interventions: Behavioral: ice massage; Behavioral: music medicine

• Registration Number: NCT05686460
• Lead Sponsor: Celal Bayar University

Brief Summary

Dysmenorrhea, a gynecological health problem that is frequently observed in adolescents and young adult women and often cannot be diagnosed is defined as pelvic pain associated with menstruation.

Providing analgesia without using pharmacological treatment is the leading aim of health care and can reduce drug-related complications. Therefore, nurses' awareness of the use of complementary and alternative medicine should be raised and the methods used should be based on evidence. Our search for studies in which the effects of listening to music and ice massage applied to the Hegu point on pain management in individuals with dysmenorrhea were investigated demonstrated that the number of such studies in the literature is not many. We think that the present study is important in terms of increasing the comfort levels of individuals with dysmenorrhea, basing the applications on evidence and contributing to the literature. It was conducted to compare the effects of ice massage applied to the Hegu point and music on pain and comfort levels in nursing students with dysmenorrhea.

Detailed Description

Dysmenorrhea, a gynecological health problem that is frequently observed in adolescents and young adult women and often cannot be diagnosed, is defined as pelvic pain associated with menstruation. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea is reported to vary between 50% and 90% in women of reproductive age. Dysmenorrhea and the symptoms accompanying dysmenorrhea cause significant economic losses by leading to both work and school absenteeism. Particularly in adolescents, due to dysmenorrhea, participation in sports and social activities is restricted, indicators of academic performance such as school absenteeism, school success, concentration, productivity are negatively affected, and thus their levels of general comfort and quality of life decrease. On the other hand, pharmacological treatment options used in the treatment of dysmenorrhea are very few. On top of this, the effectiveness of these treatment options is still debated. Since the medication used in the pharmacological treatment of dysmenorrhea has various side effects, using non-pharmacological treatments in addition to pharmacological treatment in the management of dysmenorrhea would be beneficial.

Cold application is one of the effective, simple, inexpensive and reliable non-pharmacological methods used to reduce pain, with few complications or no side effects. The Hegu point, the most important pain relief point of the body, can be stimulated in all painful conditions. Another low-risk and low-cost nonpharmacological method for standard care used in pain management is the music medicine.

This randomized clinical trial was designed to determine the effects of ice massage applied to the Hegu point and music on dysmenorrhea, compared to a control group that no intervention in women of 18 years or older from the the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2021-10-20
• Primary Completion: 2021-12-20
• Study Completion: 2022-06-30
• Status Verified: 2023-01
• Study First Submitted: 2023-01-02
• Study First Submitted QC: 2023-01-13
• Last Update Submitted: 2023-01-13
• Study First Posted: 2023-01-17
• Last Update Posted: 2023-01-17

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: Female
• Target Recruitment: 129

Inclusion Criteria

• Having menstruation regularly (between 21 and 35 days),
• Not using traditional and complementary treatments such as analgesics or massage during the application,
• Not having a diagnosed psychiatric problem and a history of endometriosis in the past,
• Not having infection and ovarian cyst / tumor, not having a neuropathic problem that might cause diabetes or nerve damage,
• Being over 18 years of age and agreeing to participate in the study.

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Exclusion Criteria

• Having hearing problems,
• Having connective tissue diseases,
• Having bleeding and coagulation disorders,
• Having fractures in the hand and arm to undergo therapy,
• Having sensitivity to cold,
• Using oral contraceptives.

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
ice massage	ice massage	The application applied 2 minutes of ice massage 7 times at 15-second intervals. The procedure was performed once on the first day and once on the second day of menstruation.
music medicine	music medicine	Depending on their preference, each participant wearing personalized headphones was played instrumental music in the pre-menstruation period for 30 minutes. The procedure was performed once on the first day and once on the second day of menstruation.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
To evaluate dysmenorrhea severity using Functional and Emotional Dysmenorrhea Scale.	It took approximately 5 minutes to fill out the form.	We asked them to determine the emotions they experienced on the first day of menstruation in accordance with the Functional and Emotional Dysmenorrhea Scale developed by Li et al. The minimum and maximum possible scores to be obtained from the scale are 14 and 70 respectively. The higher the score obtained from the Functional and Emotional Dysmenorrhea Scale is, the higher the functional and emotional disturbance levels of the individual affected by dysmenorrhea are In the second stage of the study, of the students, those who obtained ≥42 points from the Functional and Emotional Dysmenorrhea Scale and those who obtained ≥5 points from the Visual Analogue Scale were included in the study.
Description of the students' comfort level.	It was evaluated on the first day of the menstrual cycle before the application. It took approximately 5-10 minutes to fill out the form.	On the first day of the participating students' menstruation, prior to the application (when the pain started), General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ) were filled in at the pre-test. The lowest and highest possible scores that can be obtained from the General Comfort Questionnaire are 1 and 4 respectively. While 1 point indicates that the level of comfort is low, 4 points indicate that the level of comfort is high.
The Student Information Form	It took approximately 5 minutes to fill out the form.	After the students who met the sample selection criteria and agreed to participate in the study were informed about the study, they were asked to fill in the Student Information Form.; Questions about the sociodemographic and menstruation characteristics of the students were asked using the Student Information Form developed by the researchers in line with the literature.
To evaluate the effect of Hegu point ice massage in reducing the pain severity secondary to dysmenorrhea through a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).	up to 2 days	The Hegu point of the participating students was detected with the acupuncture point finder.; Ice cubes whose dimensions were 2x2x2 cm were wrapped with gauze and placed in a plastic bag. To prevent damage to the tissue and to ensure the sustainability of the movement, Vaseline® jelly was spread on the application area. We applied 2 minutes of ice massage 7 times at 15-second intervals. Melted ice cubes were replaced with new ones. As soon as the application was over, 30 and 60 minutes after the application, the participants' pain levels were assessed (Post-test). Pain intensity was measured with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).The highest pain score that can be obtained on the Visual Analogue Scale is 10 and the lowest is 0. The higher the score, the higher the pain intensity. The procedure was performed once on the first day and once on the second day of menstruation.
Questions about the menstrual characteristics of the students were asked using the Dysmenorrhea identification form	It took approximately 5-10 minutes to fill out the form.	Questions about the menstrual characteristics of the students were asked using the Dysmenorrhea identification form developed by the researchers in line with the literature.
The intensity of pain experienced during the last menstrual period was asked using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS	It took approximately 5-10 minutes to fill out the form.	The intensity of pain experienced during the last menstrual period was asked using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The highest pain score that can be obtained on the Visual Analogue Scale is 10 and the lowest is 0. The higher the score, the higher the pain intensity.
To evaluate the effect of music medicine in reducing the pain severity secondary to dysmenorrhea through a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).	up to 2 days	Depending on their preference, each participant wearing personalized headphones was played instrumental music in the first and second day of menstruation for 30 minutes. As soon as the application was over, 30 and 60 minutes after the application, the participants' pain levels were assessed (Post-test). Pain intensity was measured with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).The highest pain score that can be obtained on the Visual Analogue Scale is 10 and the lowest is 0. The higher the score, the higher the pain intensity. The procedure was performed once on the first day and once on the second day of menstruation.
To determine the level of students being affected by dysmenorrhea.	It was evaluated on the second day of the menstrual cycle and after the application. It took approximately 5-10 minutes to fill out the form.	On the second day of menstruation, the participants were asked to fill in the Effects of Dysmenorrhea Scale (EDS). It consists of 39 items and 11 sub-dimensions. Responses given to the items are rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 to 5. The minimum and maximum possible scores to be obtained from the scale are 39 and 195 respectively. The higher the score obtained from the Effects of Dysmenorrhea Scale is, the higher the level of being affected by dysmenorrhea is.
To evaluate assessing menstrual pain characteristics.	It was evaluated on the first day of the menstrual cycle before the application. It took approximately 1-2 minutes to fill out the form.	On the first day of the participating students' menstruation, prior to the application (when the pain started), Dysmenorrhea Follow-up Form were filled in at the pre-test. The questions in the form are as follows: time of onset of menstruation pain, the region where menstruation pain intensifies, the frequency of menstruation pain, the presence of complaints accompanying menstruation pain, the benefit of the method applied to relieve menstruation pain.
To evaluate the severity of pain secondary to dysmenorrhea with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)	up to 2 days	We asked them to determine the severest pain score they felt on the first day of menstruation according to the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).The highest pain score that can be obtained on the Visual Analogue Scale is 10 and the lowest is 0. The higher the score, the higher the pain intensity.
To evaluate the effect of Hegu point ice massage in increasing comfort level.	It was evaluated on the second day of the menstrual cycle and after the application. It took approximately 5 minutes to fill out the form.	On the second day of menstruation, the participants were asked to fill in the General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ). The lowest and highest possible scores that can be obtained from the General Comfort Questionnaire are 1 and 4 respectively. While 1 point indicates that the level of comfort is low, 4 points indicate that the level of comfort is high.
To evaluate the effect of music medicine in increasing comfort level.	It was evaluated on the second day of the menstrual cycle and after the application. It took approximately 5 minutes to fill out the form.	On the second day of menstruation, the participants were asked to fill in the General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ). The lowest and highest possible scores that can be obtained from the General Comfort Questionnaire are 1 and 4 respectively. While 1 point indicates that the level of comfort is low, 4 points indicate that the level of comfort is high.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Celal Bayar University; 🇹🇷 Manisa, Uncubozköy, Turkey