Comparison of the Immediate Effects of Soleus Pushup Exercise and Treadmill Walk on Blood Glucose Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Population.

Diabetes is on the rise worldwide, with a global prevalence in adults in 2021 being 537 million adults (20-79 years) living with diabetes -one in ten. This number is predicted to rise to 643 million by 2030 and 783 million by 2045. Over 3 in 4 adults with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries. Although physical activity (PA) is a key element in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. Structured interventions combining Physical Activity and modest weight loss have been shown to lower type 2 diabetes risk by up to 58% in high-risk populations. The increase in T2DM prevalence can only partly be attributed to the increasing prevalence of obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. The exercise recommendations for individuals with type 2 diabetes are similar as for the general population, suggesting a minimum of 150 min of moderate-vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise each week. However, the general population doesn't adhere to these guidelines.

The goal of treatment in type 2 diabetes is to achieve and maintain optimal BG, lipid, and blood pressure (BP) levels to prevent or delay chronic complications of diabetes. A fundamental principle in exercise physiology is that a small muscle mass working in isolation can achieve a higher local oxygen consumption (VO2/min per kg) than when recruiting a large muscle mass. The soleus (1% body mass) has a highly pennated architecture favoring greater amounts of muscular work during plantarflexion. It has an exceptionally high physiological cross-sectional area (3-8 times more than most of the 20 other limb muscles studied).