Incidince of Acute Kidney Injury in Children With Community Acquired Pneumonia at Assiut University Children Hospital

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a prevalent cause of infectious mortality worldwide [1, 2]. The number of patients hospitalized with CAP in the United States has been estimated to have reached one million in 2020, with similarly significant increases globally [3]. In Egypt, it was estimated that 10% of children deaths below the age of 5 years is likely caused by pneumonia and other acute respiratory infections [4] Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an abrupt decrease in glomerular filtration rate that can lead to health consequences for children in both the short and long term [5]. In fact, AKI may increase hospitalization length and morbidity and mortality rates for patients in the short term. Meanwhile, it exposes them to an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) over time. Even mild AKI doubles the risk of CKD during follow-up [6] . AKI is a common condition among hospitalized children. Reports indicate that AKI can exacerbate several typical pediatric disorders, such as acute gastroenteritis with an AKI prevalence of around 25% [7], type 1 diabetes mellitus onset with a prevalence rate of approximately 45% [8], and acute appendicitis at roughly 7% incidence levels[9] . Acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently complicates CAP; its incidence ranges from18-34 %in CAP patients[10-12]. Chawla et al., previously reported that coexisting pneumonia and AKI led to worse outcomes than either pneumonia or AKI alone[13]. Even among non-severe cases diagnosed only as pneumonia, however,Aki was associated with long-term mortality[11]. Despite this evidence, the impactof Aki on inhospital outcomes remains unclear for Egyptian populations . Adults suffering from CAP present considerable risks when it comes to developing both acute kidney injury(AKI)[14-15]and later chronic kidney disease(CKD)[16]; we hypothesize that there might be under-recognition regarding the prevalence of AKIs among children hospitalized due to CAP-especially milder forms. Indeed even milder forms double CKD risks during follow-ups.[17]Thus,it becomes crucially important to detect any episodes of Aki in order plan appropriate patient follow-ups.