Neuropsychological Assessment in Real Time of the Implicit Cognition in the Prediction of Relapse of Patients With Substance Use Disorder

1. Study design: Longitudinal study of repeated measures in which: 1) Participants will undergo a baseline assessment at the beginning of treatment, which will include psychological measures and craving assessment. During this session, they will be logged into a platform via their mobile devices and trained in its use. The platform will be available from this moment onwards and for the next 12 days. 2) At this point, the assessment begins through ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Participants will be required to access the platform once daily during a pre-set time window (Daily Assessment; DA). Participants will also be instructed to access the platform when they experience they are at risk of consuming or acquiring substances (Temptation Assessment; TA). Each access to the platform, whether DA or TA, will include questions assessing substance use, depression, subjective anxiety, triggering situations, attitude toward drugs, and a cognitive bias test. The application will be programmed to administer one of two cognitive bias tests (Drug Stroop Task and WAT-DUD) in an alternate sequence for each participant, so that each test is administered 6 times to each subject (complete within-subjects counterbalancing). Throughout the entire study and during the subsequent months, participants will engage in a substance use treatment program, and clinical professionals from the Provincial Centers for Drug Dependence and Addictions will monitor patients to prevent and/or treat potential relapses.
2. Participants: The study targets to recruit 130 participants (65 for alcohol, 65 for cocaine) who are receiving treatment for substance use disorder at the Provincial Service for Drug Dependence and Addictions in the province of Huelva (SPDA). The sample will be selected through stratified random sampling with simple allocation based on the primary drug of consumption and gender. To anonymize participant information, the application will not collect personal data. Participants will be assigned an alphanumeric code for identification.
3. Procedures: At the time of admission to treatment, professionals at addiction treatment centers will inform randomly selected patients that they have been chosen to participate in this study. If they agree to participate, the interview will commence in a designated room at these centers where the psychologist administering the tests will be present. At the outset of the interview, participants will be briefed on the project objectives, duration, and its independent nature from their treatment process, and will be asked if they are interested in participating. In the event that the patient agrees, they will be asked to sign the informed consent form. Additionally, they will be assigned a code that will only allow their identification by the research team personnel, in order to incorporate the gathered information into follow-up assessments. Upon completion of the baseline assessment tests, all data will be integrated with psychological and neuropsychological tests into a database for subsequent statistical analysis. This database will not contain any information enabling patient identification by individuals not involved in the research.

The assessment encompasses the collection of four blocks of information:

Block 1. Patients medical history initiated during treatment admission. The following information will be gathered:

a) Consumption pattern during the 30 days prior to treatment initiation b) Sociodemographic information collected by center professionals.

Block 2. Neuropsychological battery developed by the research team for the baseline evaluation. The estimated time is 90 minutes, including training in the use of the platform. The following tests will be used: