DASH Diet and Cardiometabolic Risk in Parkinson's Disease: Lower Triglycerides and AIP With Higher Adherence

Questionnaire Form

时间窗: 6 months

Sociodemographic characteristics of the individuals (age, constipation status, presence of comorbidities, gender, smoking and alcohol use) were questioned.

Body weight (BW)

时间窗: 6 months

BW was measured using a calibrated digital scale placed on a flat, tiled surface. The scale was sensitive to 100 grams.

Height

时间窗: 6 months

Height was measured using a stadiometer with the participant's head positioned in the Frankfort plane and feet placed together.

Waist Circumference (WC)

时间窗: 6 months

WC was measured at the midpoint between the lowest rib and the iliac crest (cristal point) using a flexible measuring tape.

Hip Circumference (HC)

时间窗: 6 months

HC was measured at the widest point of the hips using a flexible measuring tape.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

时间窗: 6 months

BMI was calculated by dividing body weight (in kilograms) by the square of height (in meters): BMI = weight (kg) / height² (m²).

Fasting Blood Glucose

时间窗: 6 months

Fasting blood glucose was measured using standard laboratory techniques during routine outpatient visits.

Triglycerides

时间窗: 6 months

Triglyceride levels were measured via fasting blood samples analyzed in the outpatient clinic laboratory.

LDL-Cholesterol

时间窗: 6 months

LDL-cholesterol was measured from fasting serum samples using standard enzymatic colorimetric methods.

HDL-Cholesterol

时间窗: 6 months

HDL-cholesterol was measured from fasting serum samples using standard enzymatic colorimetric methods.

C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

时间窗: 6 months

CRP levels were measured using routine laboratory procedures in outpatient visits.

Vitamin D

时间窗: 6 months

Serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were assessed using chemiluminescence immunoassay methods in the outpatient clinic laboratory.

Folic Acid

时间窗: 6 months

Serum folic acid levels were measured using standard automated immunoassay techniques.immunoassay methods in the outpatient clinic laboratory.

Vitamin B12

时间窗: 6 months

Serum vitamin B12 concentrations were measured using automated chemiluminescent immunoassay.immunoassay methods in the outpatient clinic laboratory.

Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP)

时间窗: 6 months

AIP is a logarithmically transformed ratio of plasma triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol \[log₁₀(TG/HDL-C)\], and it is used as a surrogate marker of atherogenicity and cardiovascular risk.

Monocyte-to-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio

时间窗: 6 months

A biomarker reflecting the balance between inflammatory status (monocytes) and anti-atherogenic lipid components (HDL-C); it has been proposed as an indicator of systemic inflammation and cardiovascular risk.

Total Cholesterol-to-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio

时间窗: 6 months

A widely used index of atherogenic risk, representing the balance between total cholesterol and protective HDL-C, with higher values indicating increased cardiovascular risk.

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR)

时间窗: 6 months

A systemic inflammatory marker calculated as the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes, commonly used to assess inflammatory status and immune response.

Food consumption frequency

时间窗: 6 months

Participants were asked about the foods they consumed in the past month from seven groups, including five basic food groups (meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, bread and grains, vegetables and fruits, sugars and fats), beverages, and fast food. Participants were asked how often and in what quantities they consumed these foods using eight options: "every meal," "every day," "5-6 days a week," "3-4 days a week," "1-2 days a week," "once every 15 days," "once a month," and "never." In evaluating food consumption records, responses regarding food consumption frequency were calculated using food consumption frequency. The amounts of food and beverages consumed were multiplied by "3" for "every meal," '1' for "every day," "0.7855" for "5-6 times a week," "0.498" for "3-4 times a week," "0.2145" for "1-2 times a week," "0.067" for "once every 15 days," and "0.033" for "once a month" to obtain the daily average amounts.

Food consumption record

时间窗: 6 months

A single-day food consumption record was obtained using the 24-hour recall method to determine participants' food consumption patterns. The Food and Nutrition Photo Catalog was used to estimate portions to ensure that the amounts of food consumed were assessed accurately and reliably. Based on these records, daily energy and nutrient intakes were calculated using the Nutrition Information System (BEBİS) software, based on the type and amount of food consumed by individuals in the last 24 hours.

DASH diet compliance

时间窗: 6 months

Individuals' DASH diet compliance scores were calculated based on their food consumption frequency after their energy requirements were calculated. The highest possible score on the DASH diet compliance scale is 8.0. A score of 4.5 or above is considered 'high compliance', while a score below 4.5 is considered 'low compliance'.