Difficulties in Emotion-regulation and Interpersonal Problems, and Their Association With Anxiety and Depression During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 入组人数
- 5,041
- 主要终点
- Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale
研究概览
简要总结
Central indicators of psychological functioning such as difficulties in emotion regulation and habitual problems in one's relating to others are likely to have been substantially impacted by the COVID-19 amelioration measures of societal lock-down and physical (ne social) distancing. In turn, as these amelioration measures have been relaxed, that impact will presumably be reduced, gradually returning these factors to pre-crisis levels. Also, these factors are likely to predict mental health outcomes such as symptoms of depression and anxiety throughout the pandemic and beyond, so that levels of emotion regulation difficulties and interpersonal problems early on will predict later symptom status. Similarly reductions in such difficulties during the various phases of the outbreak will be associated with a concurrent reduction in psychological symptoms and reduced symptom levels at later stages.
详细描述
Hypotheses/Research questions:
H1: There will be a significant decrease in emotion-regulation difficulties (DERS) and interpersonal problems from T1 to T2.
Exploratory: Examine the difference in interpersonal problems and DERS among different sub-groups before and after the COVID-19 pandemic
H2: Higher level at T1 and less reduction from T1 to T2 in emotion-regulation difficulties and interpersonal problems will be associated with less reduction in anxiety and depression from T1 to T2, above and beyond, demographic variables (age, gender, education).
Exploratory: Explore the different octants of IIP as predictors of changes for anxiety and depression.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Other
- 时间视角
- Prospective
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Eligible participants are all adults including those of 18 years and above,
- •Who are currently living in Norway and thus experiencing identical NPIs, and
- •Who provide digital consent to partake in the study.
排除标准
- •Children and adolescents (individuals below 18)
- •Adults not residing in Norway during the measurement period
结局指标
主要结局
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale
时间窗: Data is set to be collected starting from 22th of June. The data collection period will last no longer than three weeks depending on the response to the questionnaire
6 items from DERS (Gratz \& Roemer, 2004)
Interpersonal problems
时间窗: Data is set to be collected starting from 22th of June. The data collection period will last no longer than three weeks depending on the response to the questionnaire
17 Items from IIP-64 (Horowitz et al. 2000)
Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9)
时间窗: Data is set to be collected starting from 22th of June. The data collection period will last no longer than three weeks depending on the response to the questionnaire
The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9; Kroenke, Spitzer \& Williams, 2001) is used to measure symptoms of depression in accordance with the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder. The questionnaire consists of nine items where each is scored on a four-point Likert scale (0-3), with the range of scores from 0 to 27. Higher scores indicate greater depression severity, and scores above 10 are considered as the cut-off that indicating that the patient is within the depressive area.
The Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7
时间窗: Data is set to be collected starting from 22th of June. The data collection period will last no longer than three weeks depending on the response to the questionnaire
The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7; Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams \& Löwe, 2006) is a questionnaire consisting of seven items measuring symptoms of anxiety and worry. The items are scored on a four-point Likert scale (0-3), with the scores ranging from 0 to 21. Specific cut-off for Norwegian samples have been found yielding a cut-off of 8 and above for high sensitivity and specificity (Johnson, Ulvenes, Øktedalen \& Hoffart, 2019). The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7; Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams \& Löwe, 2006) is a questionnaire consisting of seven items measuring symptoms of anxiety and worry. The items are scored on a four-point Likert scale (0-3), with the scores ranging from 0 to 21. Specific cut-off for Norwegian samples have been found yielding a cut-off of 8 and above for high sensitivity and specificity (Johnson, Ulvenes, Øktedalen \& Hoffart, 2019).
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Sverre Urnes Johnson
Associate Professer Sverre Urnes Johnson
University of Oslo