A Mind Body Intervention to Reduce Symptoms Among People Aging With HIV

Early Phase 1

Completed

Conditions: Mental Health
Physical Health

Interventions: Behavioral: Sham Qigong
Behavioral: The Qigong Intervention

Registration Number: NCT03840525

Lead Sponsor: Florida International University

Brief Summary: This study will develop and pilot test a qigong intervention with older people (50 and over) living with HIV. Participants (n=48) will be randomly assigned to one of 3 conditions: the qigong intervention, a sham qigong intervention, and a usual standard of care group. The study will determine the acceptability and feasibility of the study. If found effective, the qigong intervention will also improve the psychological and physical symptoms of older people living with HIV.

Detailed Description: Half of those infected with HIV in the United States are over 50 years of age; this is expected to increase to 70% by 2020. Yet, few interventions exist for older people living with HIV/AIDS that address psychological symptoms, and none that address physical symptoms, both of which are prevalent in this population. There is a need to find innovative and accessible interventions that can help older people living with HIV/AIDS to manage their symptoms. Mind-body interventions, like Tai chi and Qi gong (TCQ), improves both physical and psychological health, and might also promote immune functioning. TCQ is a series of slow, low-impact meditative movements that integrates breath work, meditation, and stances. The investigators propose the refinement, adaptation, acceptability and feasibility testing of a standardized TCQ intervention shown efficacious with cancer patients, to an ethnically diverse population of older people living with HIV/AIDS, with the goal of enhancing their ability to manage psychological and physical symptoms. Thus, this study proposes three aims: (i) to refine and culturally adapt a TCQ intervention protocol for a diverse sample of older people living with HIV/AIDS (50 years of age or older); (ii) to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the TCQ intervention, a sham qigong control condition, and a standard of care control condition for older people living with HIV/AIDS (n = 48); and (iii) explore any preliminary evidence of efficacy of the TCQ intervention and the control conditions on alleviating physical and psychological symptoms. Participants will be recruited from a federally qualified health center in Miami, Florida. Adaptation of the TCQ intervention, the first aim, will be done through qualitative research. An expert panel discussion, key informant interviews, and three focus groups will be conducted, and analyzed by thematically based content analysis. To address aims 2 and 3, the investigators will conduct a pilot study; participants will be randomized to one of 3 conditions: the TCQ intervention, a sham qigong condition, and a standard of care condition. This is a pilot study to assess feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy, therefore, analyses will be primarily descriptive. The investigators will assess feasibility and acceptability through questionnaires and adherence to TCQ. The investigators will assess preliminary evidence of efficacy by looking at instruments that measure depression, anxiety, social support, as well as clinical outcomes. These will be described through proportions, means, and changes over time through graphing techniques. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and at three months follow up. The investigators will conduct preliminary models that will provide information on estimating effect size and power needed for a larger clinical trial. Note: Due to the coronavirus pandemic, this intervention was adapted from an in-person intervention to a virtual intervention. The intervention is exactly the same except for the difference in delivery method.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 48

Inclusion Criteria

50 year or older;
HIV+,
able to provide consent;
must have reliable internet access; and
willing to participate for the length of the intervention.

Exclusion criteria.

Participants who are unable to stand for 10-minute segments (i.e., wheelchair or walker bound); and
participants who have substantial (regular weekly practice for more than 3 months in the past 12 months) experience with mind-body interventions will be excluded because the control group may be contaminated by prior experience.

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Sham Qigong	Sham Qigong	This group will also have 1 hour/weekly class delivered virtually that includes movements that are similar to qigong but will not include the meditation or breathwork that will be included in the actual qigong intervention arm.
Qigong Intervention	The Qigong Intervention	The qigong intervention consists of 1 hour/week qigong classes for 12 weeks to be delivered virtually. The first 2 weeks will include 2 hours/week classes. In addition, each participant will be instructed to practice qigong at home for 90 minutes.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Acceptability: Session Attendance (Reported as Percentages)	Assessments were conducted at Week 1 up to Week 12 (i.e., once a week after each session).	The investigators collected attendance after each weekly session (Week 1 to Week 12). An average attendance across all weekly sessions was calculated by taking the number of groups attended divided by the number of total sessions possible. The intervention was deemed acceptable if participants attended at least 70% of the weekly groups. The number of participants who attended 70% of the weekly groups were summed and reported below.
Acceptability: Satisfaction With Weekly Intervention Sessions	Assessments were conducted at Week 1 to Week 12 (i.e., once a week for 12 weeks). All weekly scores were averaged across weeks. The number of participants with an average score of 4.00 or higher found the intervention acceptable and is reported below	Satisfaction were measured by asking the following questions after each session: "I really enjoyed today's class"; "Today's class met my expectations"; "The instructor was engaged in today's class". Responses are on a 5 point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree) with lower scores meaning less satisfaction. Both the qigong intervention and the sham qigong control group will be asked these satisfaction items. Acceptability was defined as responding either agree (4) or strongly agree (5) to each of these items. Therefore, participants who had an average score of at least 4.00 across all 12 weekly groups was considered a participant that found the intervention acceptable. The number of participants who found the intervention is counted below.
Frequency of Home Practice Sessions at 2 Weeks Post Intervention (Week 14)	Assessments were conducted once at 2 week post intervention (Week 14).	The investigators collected information on how often participants practiced at home at two weeks post intervention (Week 14). At Week 14, participants were asked 'If you are practicing at home, how often did you practice the movements?' Response format is: 1=very frequent (every day), 2=frequent (a few times a week), 3=infrequent (once a week), and 4=very infrequent (less than once a week). Scores were averaged with the acceptability benchmark being that participants who practiced very frequently (1) or frequently (2) found the intervention acceptable. That is, participants whose average score was 2.00 or less considered the intervention acceptable. The number of participants who found the intervention acceptable were summed and reported below.
Acceptability: Are Participants Doing Home Practice Sessions at 2 Week Post Intervention	Assessment was conducted 2 week post intervention (Week 14)	Acceptability was measured by asking the following question at 2 weeks post intervention (Week 14): Did you practice at home this week? Response format is yes=1, no=0 . This outcome determines if the participants continued their home practice of Qigong 2 weeks after the end of the intervention. The number of participants who responded yes were summed and reported below. The intervention was deemed acceptable to participants if at least 80% of participants were still practicing at home at Week 14.
Acceptability: Home Practice of the Intervention at Week 24 (3 Months Post Intervention)	Outcome was measured at Week 24 (3 month post intervention).	The investigators collected information on home practice sessions at Week 24 (the 3 month follow up assessment. Participants were asked the following: "have you practiced any of the movements in the last 3 months?" Response format was No=0, Yes=1. The acceptability benchmark was set at 70%. If at least 70% of participants reported any home practice at 3 months (Week 24) post intervention, the intervention would be deemed acceptable. The number of participants were summed and then divided by the number of participants assigned to the participant's study group assignment and who completed an assessment at week 24 in order to calculate a percentage.
Acceptability: Frequency of Home Practice Sessions at Week 24 (3 Months Post Intervention)	Outcome was measured at Week 24 (i.e., 3 month post intervention)	The investigators collected information on how frequently the participants were practicing the intervention at home at Week 24. Participants were asked the following: "If practicing at home in the last 3 months, how often have you practiced the movements?" Responses were 1=very frequently (every day), 2= frequently (a few times a week), 3=infrequently (once a week), or 4=very infrequently (less than once a week). Acceptability was determined if at least 70% of the participants reported very frequently (1) or frequently (2) home practice at Week 24. Participants with scores of 2.00 or less on this item were summed and then divided by the number of participants who reported any home practice in the last 3 months and also completed an assessment at Week 24.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change in Mental Health at 3 Months Post Intervention	Assessments will be conducted at baseline, 3 months post intervention	Mental Health will be assessed using the following standardized scale: the Depression Anxiety \& Stress Scale (Ng, et al.; DASS-21 items). The DASS responses range from 0-3. The total score ranges from 0-42, with higher scores reflecting more severe symptoms
Change in Physical Health Status as Measured by The Revised Sign & Symptom Check-List for HIV (Holzemer, et al.; 45 Items) at 2 Weeks Post Intervention	Assessments will be conducted at baseline, 2 weeks post intervention	Physical Health will be assessed using the following standardized scale: The Revised Sign \& Symptom Check-List for HIV (Holzemer, et al.; 45 items). The Symptoms Checklist total scores range from 0-135, with greater scores reflecting more symptoms.
Change in Mental Health at 2 Weeks Post Intervention	Assessments will be conducted at baseline, 2 weeks post intervention	Mental Health will be assessed using the following standardized scale: the Depression Anxiety \& Stress Scale (Ng, et al.; DASS-21 items). The DASS responses range from 0-3. The total score ranges from 0-42, with higher scores reflecting more severe symptoms
Change in Physical Health Status as Measured by The Revised Sign & Symptom Check-List for HIV (Holzemer, et al.; 45 Items) at 3 Months Post Intervention	Assessments will be conducted at baseline, 3 months post intervention	Physical Health will be assessed using the following standardized scale: The Revised Sign \& Symptom Check-List for HIV (Holzemer, et al.; 45 items). The Symptoms Checklist total scores range from 0-135, with greater scores reflecting more symptoms.
Change in Physical Health Status as Measured by The HIV-related Fatigue Scale (Belza, et al.,16 Items) at 2 Weeks Post Intervention	Assessments will be conducted at baseline, 2 weeks post intervention	Physical Health will be assessed using the following standardized scale: The HIV-related Fatigue Scale (Belza, et al.,16 items) . The total score for the Fatigue Scale ranges from 0-50, with greater scores reflecting more fatigue.
Change in Physical Health Status as Measured by The HIV-related Fatigue Scale (Belza, et al.,16 Items) at 3 Months Post Intervention	Assessments will be conducted at baseline, 3 months post intervention	Physical Health will be assessed using the following standardized scale: The HIV-related Fatigue Scale (Belza, et al.,16 items) . The total score for the Fatigue Scale ranges from 0-50, with greater scores reflecting more fatigue.