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Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), Oral Frailty, Dysphagia, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

Not Applicable
Recruiting
Conditions
Dysphagia
OSA
CPAP
Interventions
Device: CPAP
Registration Number
NCT05977296
Lead Sponsor
National Cheng-Kung University Hospital
Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the CPAP treatment on oral frailty and dysphagia among OSA patients.

Detailed Description

The research will be divided into three stages. The first stage will investigate the incidence of OSA in patients over 50 years old using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). The second stage will examine the relationships among OSA, oral frailty, and dysphagia through an observational case-control study with 225 OSA patients and 225 controls. The third stage will evaluate the effects of CPAP treatment on oral frailty and dysphagia among moderate-severe OSA persons through a prospective cohort study with repeat four times measurements.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
RECRUITING
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
450
Inclusion Criteria
  • Age 50 years or older.
  • Medically diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (apnea and hypopnea index, AHI, ≥ 5 events per hour).
  • Clear consciousness and able to communicate in Mandarin or Taiwanese.
Exclusion Criteria
  • Central sleep apnea patients.
  • Patients with neurological or muscular disorders (such as stroke or Parkinson's disease).
  • Patients diagnosed with oral cancer currently undergoing oral treatment.

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
OSA patientsCPAPThe experimental group in this study consisted of individuals who were assigned to the CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) intervention. Participants in the experimental group were instructed to wear a CPAP device during their sleep.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Within 1-month_Poor occlusal force2 or 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months

The investigators will determine the total count of natural teeth and fixed dentures among the participants. If the combined number of natural teeth and fixed dentures is below 20, it indicates a reduced occlusal force.

3-month_Poor occlusal force3 months

The investigators will determine the total count of natural teeth and fixed dentures among the participants. If the combined number of natural teeth and fixed dentures is below 20, it indicates a reduced occlusal force.

6-month_Poor masticatory function6 months

The investigators will utilize a 14-food group questionnaire to evaluate the masticatory function of the participants. If participants select 'difficult to eat' as their response for four items, it indicates a decline in the masticatory function.

6-month_Poor tongue-lip motor function6 months

The investigators will assess the oral-diadochokinesis of the participants. Each participant will be instructed to repeat the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ for a duration of 5 seconds. If the number of /pa/ syllables produced per second is below 6, it indicates a decline in tongue-lip motor function.

3-month_Low tongue pressure3 months, 6 months

The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to press a balloon attached to their tongue against the anterior palate for several seconds, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 30 kPa, it indicates a decline in tongue pressure.

3-month_Low swallowing tongue pressure3 months

The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum swallowing tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to swallow their saliva, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 15.46 kPa, it indicates a decline in swallowing tongue pressure.

Baseline_Poor occlusal forceBaseline

The investigators will determine the total count of natural teeth and fixed dentures among the participants. If the combined number of natural teeth and fixed dentures is below 20, it indicates a reduced occlusal force.

Within 1-month_Poor masticatory function2 or 4 weeks

The investigators will utilize a 14-food group questionnaire to evaluate the masticatory function of the participants. If participants select 'difficult to eat' as their response for four items, it indicates a decline in the masticatory function.

3-month_Poor tongue-lip motor function3 months

The investigators will assess the oral-diadochokinesis of the participants. Each participant will be instructed to repeat the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ for a duration of 5 seconds. If the number of /pa/ syllables produced per second is below 6, it indicates a decline in tongue-lip motor function.

Within 1-month_Dysphagia2 or 4 weeks

The investigators will use the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) to evaluate participants' swallowing difficulties. The EAT-10 is a straightforward assessment consisting of 10 questions, each assigned a score ranging from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). If the EAT-10 score is 3 or higher, it indicates that participants may experience challenges in swallowing efficiently and safely

Baseline_Poor masticatory functionBaseline

The investigators will utilize a 14-food group questionnaire to evaluate the masticatory function of the participants. If participants select 'difficult to eat' as their response for four items, it indicates a decline in the masticatory function.

3-month_Poor masticatory function3 months

The investigators will utilize a 14-food group questionnaire to evaluate the masticatory function of the participants. If participants select 'difficult to eat' as their response for four items, it indicates a decline in the masticatory function.

Baseline_Poor tongue-lip motor functionBaseline

The investigators will assess the oral-diadochokinesis of the participants. Each participant will be instructed to repeat the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ for a duration of 5 seconds. If the number of /pa/ syllables produced per second is below 6, it indicates a decline in tongue-lip motor function.

Within 1-month_Poor tongue-lip motor function2 or 4 weeks

The investigators will assess the oral-diadochokinesis of the participants. Each participant will be instructed to repeat the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ for a duration of 5 seconds. If the number of /pa/ syllables produced per second is below 6, it indicates a decline in tongue-lip motor function.

Within 1-month_Low tongue pressure2 or 4 weeks

The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to press a balloon attached to their tongue against the anterior palate for several seconds, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 30 kPa, it indicates a decline in tongue pressure.

Baseline_Oral Health statusBaseline

The Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) is a clinical assessment tool designed for frail older individuals to self-evaluate their oral health status. It encompasses eight categories of oral health, including lips, tongue, gums and oral tissue, natural teeth, dentures, oral cleanliness, saliva secretion, and dental pain. Each category is assessed on a scale of 0 (healthy), 1 (changes), or 2 (unhealthy). The overall scores range from 0 to 16, with a higher OHAT score indicating poorer oral health.

6-month_Poor occlusal force6 months

The investigators will determine the total count of natural teeth and fixed dentures among the participants. If the combined number of natural teeth and fixed dentures is below 20, it indicates a reduced occlusal force.

Baseline_Low tongue pressureBaseline, 2 or 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months

The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to press a balloon attached to their tongue against the anterior palate for several seconds, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 30 kPa, it indicates a decline in tongue pressure.

6-month_Low tongue pressure6 months

The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to press a balloon attached to their tongue against the anterior palate for several seconds, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 30 kPa, it indicates a decline in tongue pressure.

6-month_Low swallowing tongue pressure6 months

The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum swallowing tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to swallow their saliva, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 15.46 kPa, it indicates a decline in swallowing tongue pressure.

6-month_Dysphagia6 months

The investigators will use the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) to evaluate participants' swallowing difficulties. The EAT-10 is a straightforward assessment consisting of 10 questions, each assigned a score ranging from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). If the EAT-10 score is 3 or higher, it indicates that participants may experience challenges in swallowing efficiently and safely

Within 1-month_Oral Health status2 or 4 weeks

The Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) is a clinical assessment tool designed for frail older individuals to self-evaluate their oral health status. It encompasses eight categories of oral health, including lips, tongue, gums and oral tissue, natural teeth, dentures, oral cleanliness, saliva secretion, and dental pain. Each category is assessed on a scale of 0 (healthy), 1 (changes), or 2 (unhealthy). The overall scores range from 0 to 16, with a higher OHAT score indicating poorer oral health.

Baseline_Low swallowing tongue pressureBaseline

The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum swallowing tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to swallow their saliva, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 15.46 kPa, it indicates a decline in swallowing tongue pressure.

Within 1-month_Low swallowing tongue pressure2 or 4 weeks

The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum swallowing tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to swallow their saliva, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 15.46 kPa, it indicates a decline in swallowing tongue pressure.

Baseline_DysphagiaBaseline

The investigators will use the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) to evaluate participants' swallowing difficulties. The EAT-10 is a straightforward assessment consisting of 10 questions, each assigned a score ranging from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). If the EAT-10 score is 3 or higher, it indicates that participants may experience challenges in swallowing efficiently and safely

3-month_Dysphagia3 months

The investigators will use the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) to evaluate participants' swallowing difficulties. The EAT-10 is a straightforward assessment consisting of 10 questions, each assigned a score ranging from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). If the EAT-10 score is 3 or higher, it indicates that participants may experience challenges in swallowing efficiently and safely

3-month_Oral Health status3 months

The Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) is a clinical assessment tool designed for frail older individuals to self-evaluate their oral health status. It encompasses eight categories of oral health, including lips, tongue, gums and oral tissue, natural teeth, dentures, oral cleanliness, saliva secretion, and dental pain. Each category is assessed on a scale of 0 (healthy), 1 (changes), or 2 (unhealthy). The overall scores range from 0 to 16, with a higher OHAT score indicating poorer oral health.

6-month_Oral Health status6 months

The Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) is a clinical assessment tool designed for frail older individuals to self-evaluate their oral health status. It encompasses eight categories of oral health, including lips, tongue, gums and oral tissue, natural teeth, dentures, oral cleanliness, saliva secretion, and dental pain. Each category is assessed on a scale of 0 (healthy), 1 (changes), or 2 (unhealthy). The overall scores range from 0 to 16, with a higher OHAT score indicating poorer oral health.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University

🇨🇳

Tainan, Taiwan

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