Level and Predictors of Trauma-symptoms Among Health Workers and Public Service Providers During the COVID-19 Outbreak
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 1,778
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)
研究概览
简要总结
The aim of this study is to investigate the levels of trauma and mental symptoms (i.e., depression and anxiety) among health workers and public service providers during the strict social distancing government-initiated non-pharmacological interventions (NPI's) related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also aims to investigate predictors of trauma-symptoms.
详细描述
Hypotheses/Research questions:
H1: Health employees and public service providers working directly with COVID-19 will have higher PTSD-symptoms, anxiety, depression and health anxiety, compared to health workers and public service providers working indirectly with the virus.
H2: Presence of a psychological disorder, anxiety and depression will predict PTSD symptoms. Those reporting having a diagnosis will reveal higher PTSD-symptoms. Higher levels of anxiety and depression will be associated with higher PTSD-symptoms.
H3: Emotional support, burnout, health-anxiety, worry about job and economy, interpersonal problems and metacognition will predict PTSD-symptoms controlling for direct vs. indirect exposure to trauma, psychological diagnosis, demographic variables (age and gender, living with a partner, living with children, anxiety and depression. Higher level of burnout, health-anxiety, worry about job and economy, interpersonal problems and metacognition will be associated with higher PTSD-symptoms. Higher emotional support will be associated with lower PTSD-symptoms.
Participants were asked to fill out a set of validated questionnaires including demographic variables, psychological symptoms and PTSD-symptoms. Some questionnaires are given as a whole, whereas other questions includes theoretically-driven selections of items from validated questionnaires. This study is part of a 'The Norwegian COVID-19, Mental Health and Adherence project". The study involves a Cross-sectional survey design. Health personnel and public service providers where systematically targeted through various channels: e.g., primarily through systematically reaching out to all hospitals in Norway and inviting health personnel to participants, through contacting the Associations of all major health-worker groups (i.e., Norwegian Medical Doctors Association; Norwegian Nurses Association, Norwegian Psychologists Association; and other associations related to health-workers) through national TV, national, regional and local radio stations, and national, regional and local newspapers in the different regions of the country, as well as Facebook groups in the different regions of the country. Additionally, a random selection of those qualifying as health-care workers were randomly targeted on Facebook by a Facebook Business algorithm. Public service providers were recruited trough Facebook. Politicians where also systematically contacted, with all political parties being contacted and subsequently sending an e-mail with the survey to their members.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Other
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •All health-care or public service provides above 18 was eligible for inclusion in this study. Vulnerable health-care or public service providers was in this sample defined as doctors, nurses, psychologists, and any other health-care workers, as well as politicians and social workers. The participants reported if they worked directly or indirectly with COVID-19 patients.
- •Given the time-sensitivity of the project and the strict and time-consuming process of getting approval to access registry data, the investigators did not apply for access to registry data (e.g., address, phone or e-mails of the general population), as such data access is highly strict and regulated in Norway and the time-frame of such an application could have encompassed variation in an important variable the investigators wished to hold constant (namely identifical NPIs (non-pharmacological interventions) employed over the time-frame of data collection). Thus, the investigators did not apply for registry data, but still attempted to obtain a probability sample through the means elaborated below.
- •Health personnel and public service providers where systematically targeted through various channels: e.g., primarily through systematically reaching out to all hospitals in Norway and inviting health personell to participants, through contacting the Associations of all major health-worker groups (i.e., Norwegian Medical Doctors Association; Norwegian Nurses Association, Norwegian Psychologists Association; and other associations related to health-workers) through national TV, national, regional and local radio stations, and national, regional and local newspapers in the different regions of the country, as well as Facebook groups in the different regions of the country. Additionally, a random selection of those qualifying as health-care workers were randomly targeted on Facebook by a Facebook Business algorithm. Public service providers were recruited trough Facebook. Politicians where also systematically contacted, with all political parties being contacted and subsequently sending an e-mail with the survey to their members.
排除标准
- 未提供
结局指标
主要结局
PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)
时间窗: All data was collected between March 31st 2020 and April 7th 2020, a period where the NPIs (nonpharmacological interventions) against the COVID-19 pandemic were identical and constant in Norway
PCL-5 is 20-item self-administered questionnaire which assesses the full domain of the DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis. The self-report rating scale is 0-4 for each symptom. Rating scale descriptors are: "Not at all," "A little bit," Moderately," "Quite a bit," and "Extremely."The PCL-5 has four subscales, corresponding to each of the symptom clusters in the DSM-5.
次要结局
- Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9)(All data was collected between March 31st 2020 and April 7th 2020, a period where the NPIs (nonpharmacological interventions) against the COVID-19 pandemic were identical and constant in Norway)
- The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7)(All data was collected between March 31st 2020 and April 7th 2020, a period where the NPIs (nonpharmacological interventions) against the COVID-19 pandemic were identical and constant in Norway])
- Health anxiety(All data was collected between March 31st 2020 and April 7th 2020, a period where the NPIs (nonpharmacological interventions) against the COVID-19 pandemic were identical and constant in Norway)
研究者
Sverre Urnes Johnson
Associate Professer Sverre Urnes Johnson
University of Oslo