Development of a Public Health Pharmacy Model for Medication Therapy Management for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Outpatient Settings at Udupi District

This is an operational research study with multiple study designs following a sequential approach that will be enforced in phases (Phase I to IV).

In Phase 1, a situation analysis will be conducted at General Practitioner clinics and retail pharmacies to assess the current state of management for diabetes mellitus in outpatient settings using standardized patient (SP) methodology and a point prevalence survey. The patients will be recruited from multiple sites (144 pharmacies and 105 clinics) for 1 year till the calculated sample size is achieved.

In Phase 2, a Public Health Pharmacy (PHP) model will be developed, and experts will design a comprehensive PHP course focused on medication therapy management (MTM) for type II diabetes mellitus.

In Phase 3, the PHP model will be implemented by providing educational interventions to General practitioners and pharmacists in MTM and patients to enhance self-management skills. Interventions include various communication channels and novel educational strategies such as continuous education programs, providing drug information materials, and community outreach programs.

In Phase 4, The implemented PHP model-based interventions will be evaluated 1-2 months post-intervention by reassessing the Phase I study. Point prevalence surveys and SP methods will be used to measure improvements. Direct observations and interviews will be conducted with healthcare providers and patients to evaluate the effectiveness of MTM interventions and identify areas for further refinement.