Effects of Early Physiotherapy Program on the Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Not yet recruiting
- Sponsor
- Enrollment
- 100
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Prechtl's General Movements (GMs) Assessment
Study Overview
Brief Summary
High-risk of Infants are defined as one with a history of negative environmental and biological factors that could lead to neuromotor developmental problems. This heterogeneous group encompasses premature babies born at less than 37 weeks, term babies with low birth weight (LBW), or babies with developmental delays due to various causes.Studies have highlighted that individual developmental care, family education, kangaroo care, and early physiotherapy approaches applied to at-risk infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) enhance infant development. However, further research is needed to determine the most effective interventions for infants who are more environmentally at risk and biologically vulnerable. Studies investigating the effectiveness of early intervention methods initiated in the NICU on the motor, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes of premature infants have highlighted that postural control interventions or physiotherapy consisting of developmental care programs implemented in the neonatal period improve motor development in the short term, but parent-implemented motor interventions are more effective in improving infants' cognitive and motor outcomes in the long term.The aim of this study is to examine the effects of family-based early physiotherapy approaches applied to at-risk infants in the NICU on motor, cognitive, language development and developmental outcomes at term age and in the long term (adjusted 3, 6, 9, 12 months).
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- None
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 28 Weeks to 42 Weeks (Child)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- •Newborns diagnosed with periventricular hemorrhage (PVH), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), cystic PVL, HIE, kernicterus, perinatal asphyxia, neonatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), RDS, or BPD.
- •Newborns receiving oxygen or mechanical ventilation (MV) support.
- •Infants with a 5-minute Apgar score <3, <37 weeks' gestation, <1500 g preterm, or prematurity due to multiple births.
Exclusion Criteria
- •Newborns with congenital malformations (spina bifida, congenital muscular torticollis, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, etc.), babies diagnosed with metabolic and genetic diseases (down syndrome, spinal muscular atrophy, duchenne muscular dystrophy, etc.)
Arms & Interventions
Standard of care
Infants from families who cannot attend physiotherapy for any reason (those living outside the province, those who cannot attend treatment sessions at the same frequency, working parents) will constitute the control group if they can come to the evaluations.
early physiotherapy
A physiotherapy program tailored to the needs of infants from families who volunteer will be implemented until and including discharge. Parents of all infants discharged from the NICU will receive advice on holding, carrying, and positioning.
Intervention: Early Physiotherapy (Other)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Prechtl's General Movements (GMs) Assessment
Time Frame: writhing movement betweeen birth and 8 weeks of age, Fidgety movements between 12 and 20 weeks of age
Prechtl's General Movements (GMs) Assessment: General movements (GMs) are the spontaneous movement repertoire present from early fetal life until the 20th week postpartum. They are "writhing" until the 8th week postpartum and then "fidgety" until approximately the 20th week. Heinz Prechtl demonstrated the validity and reliability of this method by determining that infants without fidgety movements between 3 and 5 months of age are at high risk of developing CP. Video recordings will begin in the NICU 3 days after birth during the preterm period. All infants will be examined for writhing and fidgety movements (FM) using the video recordings. Movements during the preterm and writhing periods will be classified as PR, CS, and Ch GMs or normal. Movements during the fidgety period will be recorded as F+ or F++ when normal, AF when abnormal, or F- when not observed. Motor optimality scores will also be calculated for all infants during the fidgety period.
Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE)
Time Frame: It will be applied at the adjusted 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th months.
The HINE is a simple, standardized, and scoreable test for the clinical neurological assessment of infants aged 2-24 months. It consists of three sections: (1) a neurological examination that assesses cranial nerve function, posture, movements, tone, reflexes, and reactions; (2) motor milestones; and (3) behavior. Each of the 26 items on the test is first scored individually (0, 1, 2, 3, or half-point). A total score is then calculated, with a maximum score of 78. The total score is classified as optimal or suboptimal. Optimal scores are based on the frequency distribution of neurological findings in the population observed in at least 90% of infants in the age range studied. Higher scores indicate better neurological status.
BAYLEY-III Infant and Child Development Assessment Scale (BAYLEY-III)
Time Frame: at 3, 6 and 12th months
The BSID-III is a neurocognitive assessment used to monitor the development of infants aged 0-42 months. It has five domains: cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional, and adaptive functions. This study will assess only the first three domains. Cognitive, language, and fine and gross motor skills will be assessed. A composite score is calculated for each domain (mean 100±15). A composite score below 2 standard deviations (SD) (\<70) is considered a severe delay across all domains.
Secondary Outcomes
- Sociodemographic form(first day of the assessment)
- Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination(3 days after birth and corrected postterm 40±2 weeks)
- Body Mass Index (BMI)(baseline)
Investigators
Hatice Adiguzel
Associate Profesor
Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University