School Violence Exposure as an Adverse Childhood Experience: a Nationwide Study of K- 12 School Responses to Violence and Their Impact on Youth Mental Health and Educational Outcomes
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 招募中
- 入组人数
- 2,500
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Mental Health of Staff
研究概览
简要总结
This study hypothesize that school safety strategies may contribute to poor mental health and distress among various school populations and proposes the following research questions to be answered through this study:
- Is there a significant difference in the prevalence of mental health outcomes, perceived school safety, and academic engagement between early adolescent and adolescent students (grades 6 - 12) at schools that have experienced a school shooting and those that have not?
- Are existing interventions to promote school safety and security associated with poor mental health outcomes among students and school staff?
- Does the strength of this association between school safety interventions and mental health outcomes differ among students and teachers in those schools who have experienced a school shooting versus among students and teachers in those schools who never experienced a school shooting? And, among our sample of students, are these associations moderated by their ACE history? Participants will be asked to self-report data on their mental health and wellness, and perceived school safety through a survey.
Researchers will compare the surveys from the participants from exposure schools (those who experienced a gun shooting incident) with surveys from the participants from non-exposure schools (those who have not experienced a gun shooting incident)
详细描述
The recent increase in school gun violence is an important cause of poor mental health and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among the school going populations. Schools have implemented a number of school safety and security measures, both in response and anticipation of gun violence. Some of these interventions increase anxiety, depression, and other indicators of poor mental health among students and staff alike. Despite this, the association between exposure to existing school safety interventions and early adolescent student mental health outcomes has yet to be investigated. This observational case-control study aims to understand this association by collecting cross-sectional surveys from students, teachers, staff, and principals across a sample of 12 nationally representative K-12 public schools in the United States.
Data Collection
Primary data collection- Among the participating schools, data will be collected through surveys prepared for students, teachers, and principals separately. Completing each survey will take about 25 minutes for the students, and 15-20 minutes for the teachers and principals. The student surveys will be administered by the research team in the classroom on a school day. Similarly, the teacher surveys will be administered on the school day. The principals' survey will be administered online via Qualtrics.
These surveys will collect the following information from each participant:
Demographics: Data on sex, race, age, grade-level, and presence at the time of the school shooting incident for students in the exposure school.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Cohort
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 11 Years 至 65 Years（Child, Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Principals: Must be the current Principal of the participating school. Teachers: Must be a current teacher at the participating school. Students: Must be a current student at the participating school studying in grades 6-12.
排除标准
- 未提供
结局指标
主要结局
Mental Health of Staff
时间窗: through survey completion, an average of 6 months
Self-reported data on mental health assessed via a survey that is comprised of 16 items on a five point likert scale
Well-being of Students
时间窗: through survey completion, an average of 6 months
Self-reported data on mental health assessed via a survey that is comprised of 5 items
Well-being of Staff
时间窗: through survey completion, an average of 6 months
Self-reported data on mental health assessed via a survey that is comprised of 5 items
Mental Health of students
时间窗: through survey completion, an average of 6 months
Self-reported data on mental health assessed via a survey that is comprised of 16 items on a 5-point likert scale
Adverse Childhood Experiences
时间窗: through survey completion, an average of 6 months
Self-report data through survey on bullying, residential instability, Child Protective Services (CPS) involvement, meeting of basic needs, parents divorced, death of a primary caregiver, family member with poor mental health, family member engaging in substance use, domestic violence, incarcerated parent, community violence, death of friend(s), experience with the foster care system, experience with the juvenile justice system, and exposure to violence in school
Positive Childhood Experiences
时间窗: through survey completion, an average of 6 months
Self-report data through survey on family relationships and support, guidance, safety, belongingness
次要结局
- Belongingness by Staff(through survey completion, an average of 6 months)
- School environment(through survey completion, an average of 6 months)
- Perceived safety by students(through survey completion, an average of 6 months)
- Belongingness by Students(through survey completion, an average of 6 months)
- Educational Outcomes(through survey completion, an average of 6 months)
- Perceived safety by staff(through survey completion, an average of 6 months)
研究者
Sonali Rajan
Associate Professor of Health Education, Senior Associate Director, Edmund W. Gordon Institute for Urban and Minority Education
Teachers College, Columbia University