The Effects of Blood Flow Restriction-Based Jump Squat Exercise on Performance Parameters in Elite Volleyball Players: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 22
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Vertical Jump Height
研究概览
简要总结
This study aims to investigate the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) applied during jump squat exercises on selected performance parameters in elite volleyball players. Prior to each training session, all participants followed a standardized warm-up protocol that included dynamic stretching, mobility exercises, and general body activation to prepare for the workout. Following this preparation phase, the jump squat exercises were performed.
Participants were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group performed the jump squats under blood flow restriction using a manually controlled, non-automated tourniquet, while the control group performed the same exercises without any restriction.
Performance parameters were assessed before and after the 4-week intervention using the following measurement tools:
Jump performance: Measured using the Optojump system
Agility: Assessed with the Hexagon Agility Test
Balance: Evaluated using the Y Balance Test
Perceived fatigue: Measured via the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale
The purpose of the study is to determine whether jump squat exercises performed under BFR conditions can lead to greater improvements in athletic performance and perceived fatigue compared to traditional training methods. The study was conducted using equipment provided by Bahçeşehir University and included licensed volleyball players from Süreyyapaşa Sports Club. The research protocol was approved by the Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee of Üsküdar University.
详细描述
This study aims to investigate the effects of jump squat exercises performed with the blood flow restriction (BFR) method on jump performance, agility, balance, and perceived fatigue in volleyball players. The effectiveness of the BFR method on these performance parameters was evaluated in comparison to classical training methods.
The study was conducted on 22 male volleyball players actively training at Süreyyapaşa Sports Club, who had similar age and training backgrounds. Participants were randomly assigned into two equal groups of 11: the experimental group (BFR group), which performed jump squats with blood flow restriction, and the control group, which performed the same exercises without restriction.
All participants followed the same exercise protocol for four weeks, training three times per week. Before each training session, a standardized warm-up routine including dynamic stretching, mobility, and general activation exercises was applied. Following the warm-up, participants performed jump squat exercises in 3 sets of 10 repetitions. In the BFR group, a manually adjustable, non-automated tourniquet device was applied to the proximal region of both thighs during the exercise. This partially maintained arterial flow while restricting venous return, thereby creating a hypoxic environment in the target muscles. No tourniquet was used in the control group.
Pre- and post-intervention assessments were performed using the following measurement tools:
Jump performance was measured using the Optojump system to assess vertical jump height.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- None
盲法说明
No masking was applied in this study. All participants and investigators were aware of group assignments.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 25 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- Male
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Male volleyball players aged 18 to 25
- •Playing volleyball regularly for at least 3 years
- •No musculoskeletal injury in the past 6 months
- •Physically capable of completing the training and testing protocol
- •Willing to participate and having signed the informed consent form
排除标准
- •History of serious musculoskeletal injury or surgical intervention in the past 6 months
- •Presence of chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, joint disorders)
- •Physical or psychological conditions that may prevent safe participation during exercise
- •Inability to adhere to the exercise protocol throughout the study
- •Presence of any contraindication to blood flow restriction training, including:
- •Smoking,History of venous thromboembolism,Risk of peripheral vascular disease (Ankle-Brachial Index < 0.9),Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m²
研究组 & 干预措施
Control Group
Participants performed the same jump squat protocol without blood flow restriction. Training frequency and duration matched the BFR group.
干预措施: Jump Squat without Blood Flow Restriction (Behavioral)
BFR Group
Participants in this group performed jump squat exercises with blood flow restriction (BFR) using a manually adjustable, non-automated tourniquet placed on the proximal region of both thighs. The training protocol consisted of 3 sets of 10 repetitions, carried out 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Each session was preceded by a standardized warm-up routine including dynamic stretching and general activation exercises. The BFR was applied during the exercise to partially restrict venous return while maintaining arterial inflow, creating a hypoxic environment in the working muscles.
干预措施: Jump Squat with Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Vertical Jump Height
时间窗: Baseline and post-intervention (after 4 weeks of training)
Vertical jump height was measured using the Optojump Next System. The system records jump height in centimeters based on flight time. Higher values indicate better performance (higher jump). There is no fixed maximum value, as the outcome depends on individual athletic ability.
次要结局
- Agility (Hexagon Agility Test)(Baseline and post-intervention (after 4 weeks of training))
- Dynamic Balance (Y Balance Test)(Baseline and post-intervention (after 4 weeks of training))
- Perceived Fatigue (Borg RPE Scale)(Baseline and post-intervention (after 4 weeks of training))
研究者
Furkan ÖZKUL
Master's Student in Physiotherapy, Bahçeşehir University
Bahçeşehir University