Effects of Overload Eccentric and Concentric Resistance Training on the Cost of Walking, Muscle-tendon and Jumping Performance in Healthy Older Individuals
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 进行中（未招募）
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 100
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Walking metabolic cost
研究概览
简要总结
Normal aging leads to a decline in neuromuscular and mobility functions, including a 60% reduction in maximal voluntary force production, a 25% decrease in muscle volume and quality (sarcopenia), and reduced tendon stiffness by age 70. These changes impair walking speed, balance, and increase the metabolic cost of walking by ~20% in older adults compared to younger individuals. While walking training can reduce metabolic costs, no interventions have successfully addressed the 20% age-related difference. Resistance training, particularly eccentric (muscle-lengthening) training, shows promise for improving muscle strength and mass, but its effects on functional, cognitive abilities, and walking economy in older adults remain unexplored.
详细描述
Normal aging is characterized by a decline in neuromuscular and mobility functions. By the age of 70, maximal voluntary force production decreases by approximately 60%, accompanied by a ~25% reduction in muscle volume and quality, leading to sarcopenia. Alongside changes in muscle protein content, composition, and mitochondrial biochemistry, aging also affects tendon properties. While healthy aging does not significantly alter tendon size, it reduces tendon stiffness, which can delay force transmission. These changes in muscle-tendon function contribute to slower walking speeds and impaired static and dynamic balance.
One of the most significant functional changes with aging is the increased metabolic cost of walking. Older individuals require ~20% more metabolic energy to walk the same distance as younger adults, yet the underlying reasons remain unclear. While walking training has been shown to reduce metabolic costs in older adults, no studies have attempted to reduce this 20% age-related difference using alternative interventions.
Resistance training induces adaptations in muscle-tendon function by requiring participants to overcome external loads. Traditional resistance training combines concentric (muscle shortening) and eccentric (muscle lengthening) contractions, but eccentric training has received increasing attention due to its superior benefits in muscle strength and mass improvement. However, no studies have examined how resistance training, particularly with an eccentric focus, impacts functional and cognitive abilities or walking economy in older adults.
Objectives:
This study aims to:
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 60 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •• Healthy men and women aged 60+ (intervention study).
- •No significant cognitive or cardiovascular impairments.
排除标准
- •• Acute injuries or history of severe tendon injuries (Achilles or patellar tendon rupture).
- •Tendinopathy or chronic musculoskeletal disorders.
- •Hypertension, unless controlled with medication.
- •Neurological or psychiatric disorders (dementia, mild cognitive impairment).
- •Metabolic diseases affecting muscle/tendon function,
研究组 & 干预措施
Active control group
walking intervention
干预措施: Active Control (Other)
Concentric overload resistance training
Receive Concentric overload resistance training
干预措施: Concentric overload resistance training (Other)
Eccentric overload resistance training
Receive Eccentric overload resistance training
干预措施: Eccentric overload resistance training (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Walking metabolic cost
时间窗: Through study completion, an average of 1.5 year
Assessed using spirometry at different speeds (J/kg/m)
次要结局
- Maximum isometric voluntary contraction(Through study completion, an average of 1.5 year)
- Patella and Achilles tendon stiffness(Through study completion, an average of 1.5 year)
- Vastus lateralis and Gastrocnemius muscle thickness & tendon thickness(Through study completion, an average of 1.5 year)
- Whole leg muscle mass(Through study completion, an average of 1.5 year)
- Jump efficiency(Through study completion, an average of 1.5 year)
- Cognitive Assessments(Through study completion, an average of 1.5 year)
研究者
Mohamed Abdelaziz Emam
PhD Student Semmelweis University
Hungarian University of Sports Science