Morphological, Biomechanical and Functional Properties of the Arterial Wall of Athletes: Impact and Consequences of Mechanical Stress on the Cardiovascular Adaptations of Peripheral Arterial Calcifications

Brief Summary

Detailed Description

Secondary objectives of this study are: A. Determine the presence and extent of intima-media calcifications in athletes B. Determine the relationship between these calcifications and the level, length and intensity of sports activity. C. Determine the relationship between these properties and calcification of the arterial wall D. Analyze the relationship between the type of sports activity and properties of the arterial wall. E. Examine the relationship between the properties of the arterial wall and peripheral perfusion pressures. F. Examine the relationship between the properties of the arterial wall, changes in afterload, morphology and systolic heart function. G. Analyze the relationships between the parameters characterizing the arterial wall and muscle mass of the lower limbs. H. Analyze the relationship between the presence of intramural calcification and bone density determined by densitometry. I. Analyze the relationship between the presence of intramural calcification and dietary protein intake and calcium. J. Compare indices of pressure at the ankle and toe, depending on the extent of calcification. K. Create a collection of biological samples (serum).

Primary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes

• Extent of intra parietal calcification of lower limb arteries(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Inner diameter of the intima-media of the superficial femoral artery (mm)(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Outer diameter of the intima-media of the superficial femoral artery (mm)(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Inner diameter of the intima-media of the common carotid artery (mm)(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Inner diameter of the intima-media of the common femoral artery (mm)(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Outer diameter of the intima-media of the common femoral artery (mm)(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Compliance of the carotid artery(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Outer diameter of the intima-media of the common carotid artery (mm)(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Thickness of the intima-media of the common femoral artery (mm)(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Thickness of the intima-media of the superficial femoral artery (mm)(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Thickness of the intima-media of the common carotid artery (mm)(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Local parietal compliance of the superficial femoral artery(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Distensibility of the carotid artery(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Arterial wave velocity in upper limb(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in the femoral artery(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Postischemic vasomotor response at the (skin) microcirculatory level(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Systolic pressure index at the ankle(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Cardiac afterload index(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Arterial wave velocity in lower limb(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Systolic pressure index for the big toe(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Echocardiographic parameters analyzing systolic function: the stroke volume(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Echocardiographic parameters analyzing diastolic function: transmitral A wave velocity(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Echocardiographic parameters analyzing systolic function: cardiac output(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Echocardiographic parameters analyzing diastolic function: early diastolic strain-rate(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Echocardiographic parameters analyzing systolic function: peripheral vascular resistance(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Echocardiographic parameters analyzing systolic function: fractional shortening(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Echocardiographic parameters analyzing systolic function: global longitudinal strain(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Ventricular-arterial coupling(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Echocardiographic parameters analyzing diastolic function: transmitral E wave velocity(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Echocardiographic parameters analyzing systolic function: speed of the S-wave according to tissue Doppler(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Echocardiographic parameters analyzing diastolic function: transmitral E wave velocity / transmitral A wave velocity(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Echocardiographic parameters analyzing diastolic function: maximum Em wave velocity according to tissue Doppler(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Echocardiographic parameters analyzing diastolic function: maximum Am wave velocity according to tissue Doppler(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Echocardiographic parameters analyzing diastolic function: transmitral E wave velocity / maximum Em wave velocity according to tissue Doppler(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Years of athletic training(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Best performance in the last 6 months(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Hours of athletic training per week(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Lower limb muscle mass(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Bone density(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Dietary calcium intake(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Dietary protein intake(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Serum protein(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Serum parathyroid hormone(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Serum calcium(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Serum phosphorus(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Serum vitamin D2(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))
• Serum vitamin D3(Baseline (Day 0; transversal study))