The Effect of Hot Application on Post Laparoscopic Shoulder Pain and Analgesic Use

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Pain, Shoulder
• Interventions: Other: hot application

• Registration Number: NCT05334797
• Lead Sponsor: Cukurova University

Brief Summary

The aim of this study; To evaluate the effect of hot application on postlaparoscopic shoulder pain and analgesic use in patients undergoing upper laparoscopic surgery in general surgery.

Detailed Description

Among the advantages of laparoscopic surgery; smaller incisions, less postoperative pain, less need for analgesia, shorter hospital stay, earlier return to normal activities and lower morbidity. However, laparoscopic surgery is associated with postoperative shoulder pain, which is rarely seen in open surgeries. The precise mechanism of postlaparoscopic shoulder pain (PLOA) is unclear, but it is believed that the carbon dioxide remaining after laparoscopic surgery causes shoulder pain by causing irritation of the phrenic nerve. In some cases, PLOA may cause more discomfort to the patient than incisional pain.

Hot application is an effective method used to relieve pain. Hot application activates the gate control mechanism, stimulating tactile receptors, reducing ischemic pain with vasodilation, removing metabolic wastes, increasing the release of endorphins, eliminating muscle spasm, reducing effects such as pressure, stretching and hypoxia on nerve endings as a result of changes in the viscoelastic properties of tissues, raising the pain threshold, It reduces or relieves pain by sedating and creating relief in the patient.

Hot application is easy to use, inexpensive, requires no prior application, and has minimal adverse side effects when used correctly. Heat sources include a hot water heater, an electric heating pad, a warm blanket, and a warm bath or shower. In addition to being used as a pain reliever, heat is used to relieve chills or shivering, reduce joint stiffness, reduce muscle spasm, and increase connective tissue extensibility.

In the study of Mohamed et al., in which they examined the effect of hot application and early mobilization on shoulder pain, in the experimental group patients who received hot application; Postoperative shoulder pain was found to be significantly less than the control group at different evaluation times at 4 hours after surgery and at 6, 12 and 24 hours (p\<0.001).

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2022-04-09
• Study Start: 2022-04-12
• Study First Submitted QC: 2022-04-13
• Study First Posted: 2022-04-19
• Primary Completion: 2024-04-12
• Status Verified: 2024-08
• Study Completion: 2024-08-19
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-08-19
• Last Update Posted: 2024-08-21

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 60

Inclusion Criteria

1. Agreeing to participate in the research,
2. Having undergone laparoscopic abdominal surgery
3. Those who have no previous history of surgery

Exclusion Criteria

1. Those who did not agree to participate in the research
2. Those who have had previous abdominal surgery

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Hot application	hot application	After the patients come to the service after the surgery, a thermophore filled with hot water will be placed on the patient's shoulder according to the presence of shoulder pain and it will be ensured that he stays for 15 minutes. Pain assessment will be done before and after the application. However, 0-2-4-8-12-24. Routine pain assessment will be done at In addition, the type, route, effect and amount of analgesic done in this process will also be recorded. Response evaluation will follow. Response evaluation will follow. Hot application will be applied to every shoulder pain reported by the patients.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
change of pain	24 hours	Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NRS) The form used by Williamson \& Hoggart (2005) to assess pain, patients will be asked to select a number from 0 to 10 that best describes their current pain. 0 means no pain and 10 means severe pain. It will be scored as no pain (0), mild pain (1-3), moderate (4-7) and severe pain (8-10).
analgesic consumption	24 hours	analgesic consumption form

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Tarsus Universty; 🇹🇷 Mersin, Tarsus, Turkey