Clinical Effectiveness of a Laser Therapy in Patients With Temporomandibular Disorders (A Randomized Clinical Trial)

Change in Pain

时间窗: Baseline and 1 month

Visual analogue scale of pain (VAS),using a 0-10-point scale 0 score means no pain" and score 10 means "worst pain

Chaneg in pressure pain threshold

时间窗: Baseline and 1 month

The pressure pain threshold measurements for the trapezius, infraspinatus, and extensor carpi radialis muscles were performed at the center of the upper trapezius, at a position 2-3 fingers below the center of the spine of scapula, and at a position 3-4 fingers below the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, respectively. The pressure pain threshold of the extensor indicis proprius was measured by pressing toward the medial side of the radius from a position 3 fingers above the radial styloid process. The investigator placed the digital pressure algometer on a site to be inspected and pressed against the tester in a vertical direction while increasing the force at a constant rate of 1 kg/cm2. The investigator instructed the subjects to express pain either by saying "ouch" or raising their hands when only slight pain was felt. After all 8 muscles were investigated, the subjects were allowed to rest for 5 min. This procedure was repeated a total of 3 times.

Change in Oral-health Related Quality of life (OHRQoL)

时间窗: Baseline and 1 month

The OHIP-14 has 14 questions related to the evaluation of OHRQoL. The responses were recorded in a 5-point Likert scale ranging from never to very often (score is 0 to 4). Then, we calculated the total scores of all domains, and a higher score indicated poor OHRQoL. The highest possible total score of all the OHIP-14 domains is 56