Effects of an Intervention Based on Mindfulness on the Physical and Mental Condition in People Over 65 Years of Age With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)

Time Frame: Up to twelve weeks

Patients are asked to circle the number between 0 and 10, 0 and 20 or 0 and 100 that fits best to their pain intensity. Zero usually represents 'no pain at all' whereas the upper limit represents 'the worst pain ever possible'.

PSS (Perceived Stress Scale)

Time Frame: Up to twelve weeks

It consists of 14 items with a five-point scale response format (0 = never, 1 = almost never, 2 = occasionally, 3 = often, 4 = very often). The total score of the PSS is obtained by reversing the scores of items 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 13 (in the following sense: 0=4, 1=3, 2=2, 3=1 and 4 =0) and then adding the 14 items. The direct score obtained indicates that a higher score corresponds to a higher level of perceived stress.

Back scratch test

Time Frame: Up to twelve weeks

Evaluate the flexibility of the upper body (mainly the shoulders). The participant will make two attempts with the best side before starting the test and it will be noted on the record sheet by putting a circle in the best of them.

Brief Pain Questionnaire (CBD)

Time Frame: Up to twelve weeks

It is a multidimensional pain assessment instrument that provides information on the intensity of pain and its interference with patients' daily activities. Also assess the description, location of the pain and the level of relief provided by the treatment.

TUG test (Timed Up and Go test)

Time Frame: Up to twelve weeks

Is a simple test used to assess a person's mobility and physical function.

Chair-sit and reach-test

Time Frame: Up to twelve weeks

Evaluate the flexibility of the lower body (mainly biceps femoris). The participant will perform two attempts with the preferred leg and the examiner will record the two results by circling the best of them on the recording sheet. The distance is measured from the tips of the fingers of the hands to the top of the shoe. Touching the toe of the shoe will score "Zero". If the fingers of the hands do not reach the foot, the distance will be measured in negative values (-). If the fingers of the hands exceed the foot, the distance is recorded in positive values (+).

Arm curl test

Time Frame: Up to twelve weeks

Evaluate upper body strength. The total number of times the arm is "flexed and extended" during 30" is counted. If at the end of the exercise the participant has completed half or more of the movement (flexion and extension of the arm), it will be counted as complete.

Tinetti scale

Time Frame: Up to twelve weeks

It is used to determine early the risk of falling in an elderly person during the year following its application. The result of both sections will be added, so that a score of less than 19 points will imply a high risk of falls, a score of 19 to 24 will reflect medium risk of falls and a score of 25 to 28 will indicate low risk of falls.

SF-12 (reduced version of The Health Survey Short Form-36)

Time Frame: Up to twelve weeks

Used extensively for assessing health-related quality of life. The results are values between 0 and 100. Optimal health is represented by scores of 100 and very poor health would equal 0.

FSS (Fatigue Severity Scale)

Time Frame: Up to twelve weeks

A self-report scale describing the severity of fatigue and the impact of fatigue on activities of daily living. The test is made up of 9 items with 7 response possibilities, so that 1 and 7 correspond to the minimum and maximum severity respectively. The total score corresponds to the sum of all the items with a total score range that goes from 9 to 63.

PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)

Time Frame: Up to twelve weeks

A simple and valid assessment of both sleep quality and disturbance that might affect. They consist of 10 questions divided into four subscales: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep discomfort, medication use and daytime dysfunctions, adding up to a total score. The higher value represents a worse result. Higher scores indicate poorer sleep. It contains a total of 19 questions, grouped into 10 questions. The 19 questions are combined to form seven areas with their corresponding score, each of which shows a range between 0 and 3 points. In all cases, a score of "0" indicates ease, while a score of 3 indicates severe difficulty, within their respective area. The scores of the seven areas are finally added to give an overall score, which ranges between 0 and 21 points. "0" indicates ease of sleeping and "21" severe difficulty in all areas.

Chair stand test

Time Frame: Up to twelve weeks

Evaluate the strength of the lower body. The total number of times you "get up and sit down" in the chair for 30" is counted. If at the end of the exercise the participant has completed half or more of the movement (standing up and sitting down), it will be counted as complete.

HADS (The Hospital Anxiety And Depression)

Time Frame: Up to twelve weeks

A reliable, valid and practical screening tool for identifying and quantifying anxiety and/or depression in non-patients. The test contains 14 items with a score from 0 to 3, of which 7 items refer to depression and 7 to anxiety. The total score is 0-21, where a higher score corresponds to worse symptoms of anxiety and depression.