Development and validation of knowledge, attitude and perception of athletic amenorrhea among female university athletes

Athletic amenorrhea is a significant yet often underestimated health issue among female athletes. While training and performance are prioritized, High levels of physical exertion, especially when not matched by adequate caloric intake, can suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, leading to hormonal imbalances and menstrual disruption.

Left unmanaged, these imbalances may compromise reproductive health, bone strength, and long-term athletic performance the potential risks associated with menstrual irregularities are frequently overlooked.

A lack of awareness about this condition can result in serious long-term health complications, such as infertility, osteoporosis, and an increased risk of fractures, all of which can negatively impact an athlete’s career and overall well-being. Despite its common occurrence, many female athletes have limited knowledge about athletic amenorrhea. Missed periods are often disregarded or even seen as a normal part of intense training rather than a warning sign of underlying health concerns

The absence of proper education and guidance further delays diagnosis and appropriate intervention. Hence the need arises to evaluate awareness level among female university athletes regarding athletic amenorrhea and its impact.