Helicobacter Pylori and it's Hematological Impact

r pylori (H. pylori)is the most common infection in humans, with a marked disparity between developed and developing countries.It presents in over 50% of all stomachs in the world population, making it the most frequent infection in humanS. It displays a marked disparity in occurrence between developed countries, where its prevalence oscillates between 30% and 50%, and developing countries, where its prevalence ranges between 80% and 90%.

Although H. pylori infections are asymptomatic in most infected individuals, they are intimately related to malignant gastric conditions such as gastric cancer and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and to benign diseases such as gastritis and duodenal and gastric peptic ulcers.

Since it was learned that bacteria could colonize the gastric mucosa, there have been reports in the medical literature of over 50 extragastric manifestations involving a variety medical areas of specialization. These areas include cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, gynecology and obstetrics, hematology, pneumology, odontology, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology and pediatrics, and they encompass conditions with a range of clear evidence between the H. pylori infection and development of the disease.

This review focuses on hematologic diseases included in international consensus and management guides for H. pylori infection; specifically iron deficiency Anemia, vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency, immune thrombocytopenia, and extranodal marginal zone mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT Lymphoma). In addition of other hematologic diseases not included in guides and consensus as auto-immune neutropenia, antiphospholipid syndrome, and plasma cell dyscrasias.

Iron deficiency Iron deficiency (ID) is a serious public health issue, regardless of whether it is associated with anemia . It is especially important to remember that ID is a chronic process with a slow onset, in which the iron imbalance may take several years to establish and manifest clinically. One of the consequences can be observed through blood characteristics such as morphological alterations of erythrocytes or the presence of anemia, according to the criteria of the WHO.ID occurs in three stages: pre-latent (stage 1), in which ferritin is between 12 and 30 μg/L, latent (stage 2) when the ferritin falls below 12 μg/L, and ID anemia (stage 3) when anemia is present in addition to diminished or depleted reservoir iron levels (determined by serum ferritin).