Virtual Reality Distraction Versus Positive Pre-Visit Imagery Intervention on Children's Dental Fear and Anxiety

Not Applicable

• Conditions: Nurse's Role
• Interventions: Behavioral: Virtual Reality Distraction; Behavioral: Positive Pre-Visit Imagery Intervention

• Registration Number: NCT04348903
• Lead Sponsor: Alexandria University

Brief Summary

Aim

This study aimed to determine the effect of virtual reality distraction versus positive pre-visit imagery intervention on children's dental fear and anxiety during local anaesthesia injection.

Research Hypotheses

1. Children who receive Virtual reality distraction or Positive pre-visit imagery intervention exhibit less dental fear and anxiety levels during LA injection than those who do not.

2. Children who receive Virtual reality distraction exhibit less dental fear and anxiety levels during LA injection than those who receive Positive pre-visit imagery intervention.

Detailed Description

Promoting children's health is a crucial nursing role. Dental health and psychological well-being are basic components of the health promotion for young children. Dental procedures especially local anesthesia injection is one of the most unpleasant experiences for young children. Dental Fear and Anxiety are considered pervasive psychological problems accompanied with strong negative feelings among a large portion of young children. Basically, dental fear and anxiety have been reported as one of the most important reasons for avoidance of dental treatments among young children, thereby results in an adverse effects on their oral and psychological health.

Nurses face a great challenge to minimize dental fear and anxiety and stabilize young children psychologically during restorative dental procedures. Such stabilization is the cornerstone of successful local anaesthesia injection and facilitating dentist's mission.

Virtual reality refers to a human-computer interface that completely immerse the child in a simulated environment. It integrates multiple perceptual senses including; the visual, auditory and kinaesthetic stimulation modalities. Virtual reality diverts children's attention away from the negative feelings associated with unpleasant experience.

Positive pre-visit imagery is one of the superior cognitive- behavioral interventions. It is kind of psychological preparation that is designed to provide children with a step-by-step explanation of the dental local anaesthesia injection in an attractive approach. It helps them to anticipate, deal with, and be empowered to gain mastery over the events they will experience. It also plays a role in counteracting the distorted beliefs that invading the children's conscious awareness.

Study Timeline

• Status Verified: 2020-04
• Study First Submitted: 2020-04-03
• Study First Submitted QC: 2020-04-15
• Last Update Submitted: 2020-04-15
• Study Start: 2020-04-16
• Study First Posted: 2020-04-16
• Last Update Posted: 2020-04-16
• Primary Completion: 2020-04-30
• Study Completion: 2020-05-01

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: UNKNOWN
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 90

Inclusion Criteria

Not provided

Exclusion Criteria

• Age more than 6 years.
• visual or auditory deficits.
• chronic or mental disabilities that affect their understanding.

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Virtual Reality Distraction	Virtual Reality Distraction	Virtual reality refers to a human-computer interface that completely immerse the child in a simulated environment. It integrates multiple perceptual senses including; the visual, auditory and kinaesthetic stimulation modalities. Virtual reality diverts children's attention away from the negative feelings associated with unpleasant experience.
Positive Pre-Visit Imagery Intervention	Positive Pre-Visit Imagery Intervention	Positive pre-visit imagery is one of the superior cognitive- behavioral interventions. It is kind of psychological preparation that is designed to provide children with a step-by-step explanation of the dental local anaesthesia injection in an attractive approach

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Dental Local Anaesthesia Injection Fear Scale	10 minutes	This was scale developed by the researchers after thorough review of related literature to measure children's dental fear during dental local anaethesia injection (Riba et al., 2017 \& Malhotra et al., 2018). It consisted of 15 items that emphasized on observing children's fear behavioral response. The scale comprises of two main categories including avoidant behaviors such as refuses to leave caregiver, sits on the dental chair or opens mouth in addition to over-exaggerated behaviors, such as attempts to dislodge syringe, kicks the doctor and leaves the chair. Each item was measured on a two-points Likert scale ranged from zero "behavior is not present" to one "behavior is present".
Venham's Dental Clinical Anxiety Rating Scale	10 minutes	This scale was developed by Venham and Kremer (1979) to quantify the anxious behaviors of 4-6 years-old children during situational dental anxiety. It is consisted of 6 items that were rated from relaxed to out of contact and were given numeric digit from zero to five respectively as follows: The scale was reliable and valid and can be easily integrated in clinical or research activities. Its content validity was 0.91 and a test-retest reliability revealed to be 0.93.