MedPath

Clofarabine and Cytarabine in Treating Young Patients With Refractory or Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Phase 1
Completed
Conditions
Leukemia
Interventions
Other: laboratory biomarker analysis
Registration Number
NCT00372619
Lead Sponsor
Children's Oncology Group
Brief Summary

RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as clofarabine and cytarabine, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving more than one drug (combination chemotherapy) may kill more cancer cells.

PURPOSE: This phase I/II trial is studying the side effects and best dose of clofarabine when given together with cytarabine and to see how well they work in treating young patients with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (Phase I closed to enrollment as of 09/16/09)

Detailed Description

OBJECTIVES:

Primary

* To define the overall response rate (complete remission or remission without platelet recovery) in young patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with clofarabine in combination with cytarabine.

Secondary

* To determine the safety profile and tolerability of clofarabine when given in combination with cytarabine in patients with and without prior stem cell transplantation.

* To identify apoptosis specific genes that are important in mediating response to clofarabine and cytarabine.

* To quantitate the level of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter proteins (hENT1 and hENT2) and human concentrative nucleoside transporter proteins (hCNT2 and hCNT3) in blasts of these patients.

* To determine gene expression profiles at study entry and at time of relapse in order to isolate profiles that may predict response and also to complement apoptosis specific protein arrays.

* To perform serial measurements of minimal residual disease (MRD) to provide an objective determination of the effectiveness of this treatment regimen and to correlate with post remission events (relapse, death).

* To perform FLT3/ITD analysis to help determine the prevalence and clinical significance of this somatic mutation in patients with relapsed AML.

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter, phase I, dose-escalation study of clofarabine followed by a phase II study. Patients are stratified according to disease (acute lymphoblastic leukemia \[ALL\] vs acute myeloid leukemia \[AML\]). (Phase I closed to accrual as of 09/16/09)

* Intrathecal CNS prophylaxis (all patients with ALL and at physician's discretion for patients with AML or acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage): Patients receive intrathecal (IT) cytarabine on day 0 of the first course of induction therapy. Patients also receive IT methotrexate on day 1 of the second course of induction therapy and on day 1 of all courses of maintenance therapy.

* Induction therapy:

* Course 1: Patients receive cytarabine IV over 2 hours and clofarabine IV over 2 hours on days 1-5. Patients with ≥ 5% blasts (i.e., M2 or M3 bone marrow) at days 14-21 proceed immediately to course 2 of induction therapy. Patients with \< 5% blasts (i.e., M1 bone marrow) may proceed to course 2 of induction therapy at blood count recovery or at day 42.

* Course 2: Patients receive clofarabine IV over 2 hours followed by cytarabine IV over 2 hours on days 1-5. After the second course of induction therapy, patients with M2 or M3 bone marrow at days 14-21 are removed from the study. Patients with M1 bone marrow proceed to maintenance therapy 14-42 days after the initiation of course 2.

* Maintenance therapy: Patients receive clofarabine and cytarabine as in induction therapy. Treatment repeats every 14-42 days for up to 10 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Patients may undergo blood and bone marrow sample collection periodically for correlative laboratory studies.

After completion of study therapy, patients are followed periodically for up to 5 years.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 87 patients will be accrued for this study.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
74
Inclusion Criteria

Not provided

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Clofarabine 40 mg/m² to assess feasibility in ALL patients.laboratory biomarker analysisClofarabine 40 mg/m² to assess feasibility in ALL patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 40 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 40 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 40 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess feasibility in AML patients.laboratory biomarker analysisClofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess feasibility in AML patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 52 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 40 mg/m² to assess feasibility in AML patients.laboratory biomarker analysisClofarabine 40 mg/m² to assess feasibility in AML patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 40 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 40 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 40 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess feasibility in ALL patients.laboratory biomarker analysisClofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess feasibility in ALL patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 52 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy in ALL patients.laboratory biomarker analysisClofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy in ALL patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 52 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy - ambiguous lineage ptlaboratory biomarker analysisClofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy in acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 52 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy in AML patientslaboratory biomarker analysisClofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy in AML patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 52 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 40 mg/m² to assess feasibility in ALL patients.clofarabineClofarabine 40 mg/m² to assess feasibility in ALL patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 40 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 40 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 40 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 40 mg/m² to assess feasibility in ALL patients.cytarabineClofarabine 40 mg/m² to assess feasibility in ALL patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 40 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 40 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 40 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 40 mg/m² to assess feasibility in ALL patients.methotrexateClofarabine 40 mg/m² to assess feasibility in ALL patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 40 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 40 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 40 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 40 mg/m² to assess feasibility in AML patients.clofarabineClofarabine 40 mg/m² to assess feasibility in AML patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 40 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 40 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 40 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 40 mg/m² to assess feasibility in AML patients.methotrexateClofarabine 40 mg/m² to assess feasibility in AML patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 40 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 40 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 40 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 40 mg/m² to assess feasibility in AML patients.cytarabineClofarabine 40 mg/m² to assess feasibility in AML patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 40 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 40 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 40 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess feasibility in ALL patients.cytarabineClofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess feasibility in ALL patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 52 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess feasibility in ALL patients.clofarabineClofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess feasibility in ALL patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 52 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess feasibility in ALL patients.methotrexateClofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess feasibility in ALL patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 52 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy in ALL patients.clofarabineClofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy in ALL patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 52 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy in ALL patients.methotrexateClofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy in ALL patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 52 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy in ALL patients.cytarabineClofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy in ALL patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 52 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess feasibility in AML patients.clofarabineClofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess feasibility in AML patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 52 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy in AML patientsclofarabineClofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy in AML patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 52 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess feasibility in AML patients.cytarabineClofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess feasibility in AML patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 52 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess feasibility in AML patients.methotrexateClofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess feasibility in AML patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 52 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy in AML patientscytarabineClofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy in AML patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 52 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy in AML patientsmethotrexateClofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy in AML patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 52 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy - ambiguous lineage ptclofarabineClofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy in acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 52 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy - ambiguous lineage ptcytarabineClofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy in acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 52 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Clofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy - ambiguous lineage ptmethotrexateClofarabine 52 mg/m² to assess efficacy in acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage patients. Patients receive Cycle 1 (14-42 days) Cytarabine IT (aged based dosage 1-1.99 30 mg, 2-2.99 50 mg, ≥ 3 years 70 mg on Day 0, Clofarabine IV (dosage 52 mg/m2/dose) on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Cycle 2 (14-42 days) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5. Maintenance cycles 1-10 (14-42 days each) Methotrexate IT (age based dosage 1-1.99 8 mg, 2-2.99 10 mg, ≥ 3 12 mg) on day 1, Clofarabine IV 52 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5, and High Dose Cytarabine IV 1000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Overall Response (CR for ALL Patients), (CR + CRp for AML Patients)2 cycles or up to 84 days

Overall response for ALL patients: CR - complete remission (attainment of an M1 bone marrow (\< 5% blasts) with no evidence of circulating blasts or extramedullary disease and with recovery of peripheral counts (absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \> 750/μL and platelet count \> 75,000/μL).

Overall response for AML patients: (CR + CRp), defined as:

CR - complete remission (attainment of an M1 bone marrow (\<5% blasts) with no evidence of circulating blasts or extramedullary disease and with recovery of peripheral blood counts (absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \> 1000/uL and platelet count \> 100,000/uL)) or CRp - remission without platelet recovery (Attainment of an M1 bone marrow (\<5% blasts) with no evidence of circulating blasts or extramedullary disease and with recovery of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \> 1000/uL and platelet transfusion independence (defined as: no platelet transfusions x 1 week)).

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Safety and Tolerability as Measured by CTCAE v3.0End of therapy

Number of participants with at least one grade 3 or higher adverse event during therapy.

Correlate the Expression of Apoptosis Specific GenesEnd of therapy

Correlate the expression of apoptosis specific genes with chemoresistance and determine whether therapy with clofarabine is able to overcome blocks in apoptosis through modulation of gene expression. Gene expression analysis will be performed on specimens obtained during therapy. Apoptosis specific microarray data will be analyzed using GeneTraffic software (Iobion Informatics, La Jolla CA).

Trial Locations

Locations (79)

Hospital for Sick Children

🇨🇦

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

CCOP - Nevada Cancer Research Foundation

🇺🇸

Las Vegas, Nevada, United States

Masonic Cancer Center at University of Minnesota

🇺🇸

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center

🇺🇸

Nashville, Tennessee, United States

Primary Children's Medical Center

🇺🇸

Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

Southern California Permanente Medical Group

🇺🇸

Downey, California, United States

Jonathan Jaques Children's Cancer Center at Miller Children's Hospital

🇺🇸

Long Beach, California, United States

Children's Hospital Central California

🇺🇸

Madera, California, United States

Rady Children's Hospital - San Diego

🇺🇸

San Diego, California, United States

UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center

🇺🇸

San Francisco, California, United States

Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children

🇺🇸

Wilmington, Delaware, United States

Hackensack University Medical Center Cancer Center

🇺🇸

Hackensack, New Jersey, United States

Dayton Children's - Dayton

🇺🇸

Dayton, Ohio, United States

Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC

🇺🇸

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Penn State Children's Hospital

🇺🇸

Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States

Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center

🇺🇸

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Baylor University Medical Center - Houston

🇺🇸

Houston, Texas, United States

Children's Hospital of Orange County

🇺🇸

Orange, California, United States

UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center

🇺🇸

Birmingham, Alabama, United States

Children's Hospital Colorado Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders

🇺🇸

Aurora, Colorado, United States

Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center - Dallas

🇺🇸

Dallas, Texas, United States

Cook Children's Medical Center - Fort Worth

🇺🇸

Fort Worth, Texas, United States

Nemours Children's Clinic

🇺🇸

Jacksonville, Florida, United States

Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center at Georgetown University Medical Center

🇺🇸

Washington, D.C., District of Columbia, United States

Simmons Cooper Cancer Institute

🇺🇸

Springfield, Illinois, United States

Lee Cancer Care of Lee Memorial Health System

🇺🇸

Fort Myers, Florida, United States

Children's National Medical Center

🇺🇸

Washington, D.C., District of Columbia, United States

Cancer Research Center of Hawaii

🇺🇸

Honolulu, Hawaii, United States

C.S. Mott Children's Hospital at University of Michigan Medical Center

🇺🇸

Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States

Nemours Children's Clinic - Pensacola

🇺🇸

Pensacola, Florida, United States

Helen DeVos Children's Hospital at Spectrum Health

🇺🇸

Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States

Curtis and Elizabeth Anderson Cancer Institute at Memorial Health University Medical Center

🇺🇸

Savannah, Georgia, United States

CancerCare of Maine at Eastern Maine Medical Center

🇺🇸

Bangor, Maine, United States

Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins

🇺🇸

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

AFLAC Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta - Egleston Campus

🇺🇸

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Children's Memorial Hospital - Chicago

🇺🇸

Chicago, Illinois, United States

St. Joseph's Cancer Institute at St. Joseph's Hospital

🇺🇸

Tampa, Florida, United States

Nemours Children's Clinic - Orlando

🇺🇸

Orlando, Florida, United States

Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital - Saint Louis

🇺🇸

Saint Louis, Missouri, United States

Alvin and Lois Lapidus Cancer Institute at Sinai Hospital

🇺🇸

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

University of Illinois Cancer Center

🇺🇸

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center

🇺🇸

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

St. Vincent Indianapolis Hospital

🇺🇸

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Kosair Children's Hospital

🇺🇸

Louisville, Kentucky, United States

Children's Mercy Hospital

🇺🇸

Kansas City, Missouri, United States

Tulane Cancer Center Office of Clinical Research

🇺🇸

Alexandria, Louisiana, United States

SUNY Upstate Medical University Hospital

🇺🇸

Syracuse, New York, United States

Overlook Hospital

🇺🇸

Morristown, New Jersey, United States

University of Mississippi Cancer Clinic

🇺🇸

Jackson, Mississippi, United States

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center

🇺🇸

Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

Mayo Clinic Cancer Center

🇺🇸

Rochester, Minnesota, United States

Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center at Columbia University Medical Center

🇺🇸

New York, New York, United States

Blumenthal Cancer Center at Carolinas Medical Center

🇺🇸

Charlotte, North Carolina, United States

Presbyterian Cancer Center at Presbyterian Hospital

🇺🇸

Charlotte, North Carolina, United States

Cancer Institute of New Jersey at UMDNJ - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School

🇺🇸

New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

🇺🇸

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Driscoll Children's Hospital

🇺🇸

Corpus Christi, Texas, United States

Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital

🇺🇸

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

James P. Wilmot Cancer Center at University of Rochester Medical Center

🇺🇸

Rochester, New York, United States

Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center at University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill

🇺🇸

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Greenville Hospital Cancer Center

🇺🇸

Greenville, South Carolina, United States

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

🇺🇸

San Antonio, Texas, United States

CancerCare Manitoba

🇨🇦

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters

🇺🇸

Norfolk, Virginia, United States

Marshfield Clinic - Marshfield Center

🇺🇸

Marshfield, Wisconsin, United States

Providence Cancer Center at Sacred Heart Medical Center

🇺🇸

Spokane, Washington, United States

Hopital Sainte Justine

🇨🇦

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Midwest Children's Cancer Center at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin

🇺🇸

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States

Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center - Seattle

🇺🇸

Seattle, Washington, United States

Carilion Medical Center for Children at Roanoke Community Hospital

🇺🇸

Roanoke, Virginia, United States

Ellis Fischel Cancer Center at University of Missouri - Columbia

🇺🇸

Columbia, Missouri, United States

Nationwide Children's Hospital

🇺🇸

Columbus, Ohio, United States

Palmetto Health South Carolina Cancer Center

🇺🇸

Columbia, South Carolina, United States

St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center

🇺🇸

Paterson, New Jersey, United States

UMASS Memorial Cancer Center - University Campus

🇺🇸

Worcester, Massachusetts, United States

Newark Beth Israel Medical Center

🇺🇸

Newark, New Jersey, United States

Legacy Emanuel Hospital and Health Center and Children's Hospital

🇺🇸

Portland, Oregon, United States

Allan Blair Cancer Centre at Pasqua Hospital

🇨🇦

Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada

IWK Health Centre

🇨🇦

Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

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