Evaluation Of "Coaching Boys Into Men" (CBIM) Program

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Abuse; Violence
• Interventions: Behavioral: "Coaching Boys Into Men" program

• Registration Number: NCT01367704
• Lead Sponsor: University of Pittsburgh

Brief Summary

Despite the high prevalence of adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) reported among adolescent females and substantial reports of perpetration by young males, effective prevention programs to prevent ARA are limited. Male athletes are an important target for prevention efforts given their higher rates of abuse perpetration compared to non-athlete peers as well as their social influence among their peers. This cluster-randomized school-based investigation examines the effectiveness of a program for the primary prevention of ARA. "Coaching Boys into Men" (CBIM) is a social norms theory-based program intended to alter norms that foster ARA perpetration, promote bystander intervention, and reduce ARA perpetration by engaging athletic coaches as positive role models to deliver violence prevention scripts and tools to high school age male athletes. Coaches receive a 60-minute training session to administer the intervention to their athletes via 11 lessons across a sport season. Trained high school coaches talk to their male athletes about 1) what constitutes disrespectful and harmful vs. respectful behaviors, 2) promoting more gender-equitable attitudes, and 3) modeling bystander intervention when disrespectful behaviors toward women and girls are witnessed. The current investigation evaluates the intervention in 16 urban high schools randomized either to receive the CBIM program (i.e., intervention schools, n=8) or to a control condition (n=8). Baseline computer-based surveys are collected for all intervention and control site student athletes entering grades 9 through 12 at the start of each of three sports seasons across Year 1 (Time 1). Follow up surveys are collected for these same athletes at the end of their first sports season (Time 2). Participating athletes in grades 9 - 11 at baseline are re-surveyed 12 months after Time 1 to examine the longer term effects of the CBIM intervention (Time 3; N of athletes completing all 3 waves of data collection = 1500). Primary assessment of intervention effects are based on intent-to-treat estimates, utilizing generalized linear mixed models to account for clustering arising from school randomization. Hypothesized outcomes for male athletes include a) an increase in recognition of what constitutes abusive behaviors, b) more gender-equitable attitudes, c) an increase in intentions and reports of bystander intervention regarding ARA, and through these intermediate outcomes, d) a decrease in perpetration of ARA among adolescent male athletes.

Detailed Description

Additional process evaluation includes baseline and follow up surveys with coaches (from both intervention and control arms), individual interviews with coaches, as well as focus groups with students to collect coach and athlete perspectives on the relevance and local impact of the intervention program.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2009-10
• Study First Submitted: 2011-06-01
• Study First Submitted QC: 2011-06-03
• Study First Posted: 2011-06-07
• Primary Completion: 2011-10
• Study Completion: 2011-10
• Results First Submitted: 2014-05-29
• Status Verified: 2014-07
• Results First Submitted QC: 2014-07-16
• Last Update Submitted: 2014-07-16
• Results First Posted: 2014-08-08
• Last Update Posted: 2014-08-08

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: Male
• Target Recruitment: 2006

Inclusion Criteria

Not provided

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Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: SINGLE_GROUP

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Control School	"Coaching Boys Into Men" program	Control schools (where the coaches do not receive the Coaching Boys into Men (CBIM) training until following academic year 'wait list control')
Intervention School	"Coaching Boys Into Men" program	Intervention schools (where coaches receive the CBIM training at start of sports season)

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change From Baseline to 3 Months Using the Recognition of Abusive Behavior Scale	3 months	Recognition of disrespectful and harmful behaviors against girls as abusive comparing baseline and follow up mean scores, using a 5-point Likert-like scale ranging from "not abusive" to "extremely abusive" (minimum = 1 and maximum = 5). This scale was developed by Silverman et al to assess perceptions of the degree of abusiveness of specified relationship behaviors and modeled as a mean of responses to 12 items.
Change From Baseline to 3 Months Using the Gender Equitable Attitudes Scale	3 months	Assessment of gender-equitable attitudes comparing baseline mean score with follow up mean score, using a 5-point Likert-like scale ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree" (minimum = 1 and maximum = 5). This scale includes questions modified from Barker's Gender-Equitable Norms Scale and modeled as a mean of responses to 11 items.
Change From Baseline to 3 Months Using the Intentions to Intervene Scale	3 months	Proclivity to intervene when witnessing disrespectful and harmful behaviors among peers comparing baseline and follow up mean scores, using a 5-point Likert-like scale ranging from "very unlikely" to "very likely" (minimum = 1 and maximum = 5). This scale was investigator developed by Miller (PI) et al to assess participants report of how likely they would be to do something to stop the behavior and modeled as a mean of 8 items.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; 🇺🇸 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States