30-day and Lasting Impacts on Utilizing a Novel Vibrating Foot Orthosis for Tactile Stimulation in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: a Double-blind, Randomized, Sham-controlled Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 55
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Vibration Perception Threshold (VPT)
研究概览
简要总结
- This study had the objectives to investigate the long-term and remaining effects of using a novel vibrating foot orthosis for tactile stimulation in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).
- The hypothesis of this study was using the VFO in conjunction with a random square wave pulse stimulus and pseudorandom white noise via a stochastic resonance could effectively improve tactile sensitivity and reduce vibration perception threshold (VPT).
- Participants were recruited from the HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Centre (Srinakharinwirot University), Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand.
- 64 type 2 diabetes mellitus people with mild-to-moderate peripheral neuropathy were recruited.
- Approach to participant: use purposive sampling by direct contact the patients who match the inclusion criteria.
- Informed Consent Process: the information sheet was provided to participants, and the researcher explained the objectives of the study, the duration of the research, the research method, the dangers or potential effects of the research, including the benefits that might arise from the research and other methods of treatment in details. The participants had enough time and opportunity to ask questions until they had a good understanding. The researchers willingly answered questions without hiding them, until they satisfied. Then, the participants had to willingly sign a consent form prior to participate in the research project with voluntary.
- The study protocol was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Srinakharinwirot University (SWUEC-661032).
- A randomized sham-controlled trial was conducted in this study. The experiments in this study were performed in a parallel design with random allocation and a double-blind strategy (blinded participants and investigators).
- Baseline characteristics were assessed including: muscle strength by manual muscle testing, grading by the Medical Research Council; sensation by the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test (5.07 gauge, 10 g pressure size) with 10-site examination; peripheral neuropathy by the Michigan neuropathy screening instrument; vibratory perception by a tuning fork (a graduated Rydel-Seiffer version); body mass index; circulatory system examination by palpating dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulse; pathology of diabetic foot; VPT by the Vibratory Sensory Analyzer: VSA-3000 (Medoc Ltd., USA).
- VPT values were determined as the outcome parameter.
- Statistical methods:
- Quantitative data will be presented with median (mean) and standard deviation (SD).
- Qualitative data will be presented with numbers and percentages.
- An independent t-test will be used to compare the independent outcomes.
- A paired t-test will be used to compare the dependent outcomes.
- A repeated-measures ANCOVA will be used for between group comparisons.
- A repeated-measures ANOVA will be used for within-group comparison.
- MANCOVA will be used for analyzing the covariates' effect on the relationship between the independent grouping variables and the continuous dependent variables.
- Cohen's d will be used to determine the effect sizes.
- Ethical Consideration (1) All participants were provided with detailed project information prior to participation in the research project.
(2) While conducting experiments, evaluating, collecting research results, a prosthetist and orthotist (PO) and a physician will be with the participants at all times to prevent possible accidents/adverse events.
(3) If there is any harm from the research, free medical treatment will be provided.
(4) During research participation, all participants have the rights to withdraw at any time without the need to give reasons.
(5) All information obtained from the research project will be kept as a secret, and will be disclosed to the public for academic benefits without the participants' name.
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Expectable benefits and applications
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Using the novel VFO may lead to efficient treatment for neurorehabilitation in DPN.
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The investigators hope that this low-cost VFO can offer advantages such as affordability, widespread use, and home-based applications.
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The benefits of using the novel VFO that can improve tactile sensation on the plantar surface of the foot in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Employing the novel VFO can reduce VPT.
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Using the novel VFO can help prevent diabetic foot ulceration (DFU), lessen a risk of DFU recurrence, and avoid lower limb amputation.
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Applying the novel VFO may help restore and prolong tactile sensation.
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Using the novel VFO may aid in slowing DPN deterioration and decreasing peripheral nervous system impairment.
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Utilizing the VFO may help improve quality of life for DPN people.
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Compensations for participants
- Payment was provided for those participants who attend throughout the study.
- All participants received a custom-made foot orthosis after completing the study.
详细描述
According to diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), the significant complications include diabetic foot ulceration (DFU), an increase in vibration perception threshold (VPT), a decrease in tactile sensitivity, and lower limb amputation. A vibrating insole is a novel gadget that can help reduce VPT and improve tactile sensibility.
This research project aimed to study the effectiveness of using a novel vibrating foot orthosis (VFO) combined with a random 0-100 Hz square wave pulse stimulus and pseudorandom white noise for stimulating tactile sensation in DPN. The remaining effects had also been observed after 30 days of intervention.
*Participation in this research is voluntary. The volunteers who participated in the study had 4 appointments. In the 1st appointment, the volunteers underwent clinical assessment, baseline assessment, vibration perception evaluation, and foot casting for fabricating a foot orthosis. Participants had been informed of all necessary details of the study and learned how to use the VFO safely and correctly. The participants had to use the VFO at home for 60 minutes a day over 30 days. In the 2nd to 4th appointments (the 1st, 15th, and 30th days) participants had to conduct the interventions and posttest assessment at the experimental site. A prosthetist and orthotist (PO) performed the experiment and outcome evaluation.
The VFO was comprised of two major components: a vibration generator and a custom-made foot orthosis (CFO). The vibration generator was composed of two signal generator circuits: a random 0-100 Hz square wave pulse stimulus generator circuit and a pseudorandom white noise (PRWN) generator circuit. A random square wave pulse stimulus (0-100 Hz) and PRWN were integrated by using a stochastic resonance (SR) approach to become an integrated stimulus. A vibratory actuator was implanted into the CFO and received the integrated stimulus. When the integrated stimulation signals were delivered to the implanted actuators, the VFO would perform vibration to stimulate across the entire soles of the feet.
In the experiments, participants were instructed to abstain from taking any medications that influence the nervous system's upkeep and any vitamins, including vitamin B3, B6, B complex, and no drinking alcohol for 48 hours prior to starting the experiments. Besides, participants have kept up with their regular regimen of other diabetes medications. Before beginning the experiment, participants needed to keep their blood sugar levels stable to avoid hypoglycemia.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Double (Participant, Investigator)
盲法说明
Allocation concealment Participants and Investigators were blinded.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 80 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Type 2 diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy diagnosis
- •Absence of foot problems such as ulcers, calluses, skin problems, etc.
- •No muscle weakness
- •Stability in neurological and vital signs
- •Adequate cognitive and language skills to follow instructions
- •Ability to sense vibration
- •Ability to sit for at least 60 minutes
排除标准
- •Musculoskeletal problem that makes it difficult to use vibrating foot orthosis, such as severe pain or joint contracture in any foot joints
- •Mental disorders
- •Hypersensitivity to material substances in vibrating foot orthosis
研究组 & 干预措施
Use vibrating foot orthosis with tactile stimulation
32 participants were assigned to use a vibrating foot orthosis (VFO) with tactile stimulation (using the VFO combined with a random 0-100 Hz square wave pulse stimulus with pseudorandom white noise via a stochastic resonance approach) at home for 30 days. Participants had to conduct intervention for 60 minutes a day. 90% VPT of each participant was chosen as the subthreshold stimulation level for tactile stimulation. Posttests were given by three consecutive appointments on the 1st day, the 15th day, and the 30th day.
Participants had to meet a prosthetist and orthotist (PO) at the experimental site on the three consecutive appointments for posttest evaluation.
After completing this intervention, participants were followed up the VPT level by evaluation every 7 days.
干预措施: Using vibrating foot orthosis with tactile stimulation (Device)
Use vibrating foot orthosis without tactile stimulation
32 participants were assigned to use the VFO without tactile stimulation (using the VFO with only vibration 100 Hz frequency ) at home for 30 days. Participants were blinded. Even though there was no tactile stimulation, the device still performed vibration.
Posttests were given by three consecutive appointments on the 1st day, the 15th day, and the 30th day.
Participants had to meet a PO at the experimental site on the three consecutive appointments for posttest evaluation. Noted, there was no follow-up after completing this intervention.
干预措施: Using vibrating foot orthosis without tactile stimulation (Device)
结局指标
主要结局
Vibration Perception Threshold (VPT)
时间窗: Immediate assessment after finish intervention
Vibration perception threshold (VPT) is the lowest vibrational intensity required to perceive a vibration stimulus, and VPT is known to be impaired at an early stage in various neuropathies. VPT is critical in detecting diabetic peripheral neuropathy early; as a result, VPT is relevant to the risk of diabetic foot ulceration (DFU). Thus, VPT is an effective predictor of the risk of DFU and it could be used to target DFU for early detection and treatment.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Natapatchakrid Thimabut
Principal Investigator
Srinakharinwirot University