Measurement of Retinal Venous Pressure and Endothelin-1 in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy are the main causes of visual loss. Hyperglycemia as the main risk factor of diabetic retinopathy induced damage to retinal capillaries. These in turn lead to hypoxia in the tissue and promote the release of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) , which in turn increases the vascular pathology. Simultaneously, there is an increased expression of endothelin (ET-1). Endothelin increases vascular tone and regulates the micro-and macro-vascular remodeling.

In ocular blood flow perfusion pressure plays an important role. While in healthy eyes a spontaneous retinal venous pulsation is frequently observed, this is significantly less frequent in diseased eyes. An increased venous pressure lowers the ocular perfusion pressure, and increases the transmural pressure. A measurement of the retinal venous pressure and the hormone ET-1 in the blood will give us a better knowledge of the circulatory changes and their relationship to diabetes.