Assessment of End-Tidal CO₂ Levels in the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Pulmonary Embolism
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 120
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide (EtCO₂) Level at Diagnosis
研究概览
简要总结
Pulmonary embolism (PE) can reduce blood flow in the lungs and impair gas exchange, leading to lower end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO₂) levels. This prospective observational study aims to evaluate whether EtCO₂ can help identify high-risk and intermediate-high-risk patients and monitor early treatment response, especially during thrombolytic therapy. A total of 120 participants were included: high-risk PE, intermediate-high-risk PE patients who received thrombolysis, intermediate-high-risk PE patients treated only with anticoagulation, and healthy controls.
The study measured EtCO₂ along with oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiratory rate, perfusion index, and radiological obstruction scores. By comparing these parameters at diagnosis and during the first 24 hours, the study seeks to determine whether EtCO₂ can serve as a simple, noninvasive marker of disease severity and early hemodynamic improvement in patients with acute PE.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Cohort
- 时间视角
- Prospective
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 80 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Adults aged 18 years or older Diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism confirmed by CT pulmonary angiography (for PE groups) Classified as high-risk or intermediate-high-risk pulmonary embolism according to ESC/ERS 2019 guidelines Ability to provide informed consent For healthy control group: no history of cardiopulmonary disease, coagulation disorders, or acute medical illness
排除标准
- •Known chronic respiratory diseases significantly affecting EtCO₂ measurement (e.g., advanced COPD, severe asthma, chronic respiratory failure) Active infection, sepsis, or acute complications of malignancy Prior thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism Anatomical or technical limitations preventing reliable nasal capnography Pregnancy Individuals younger than 18 years Inability or refusal to provide informed consent
结局指标
主要结局
End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide (EtCO₂) Level at Diagnosis
时间窗: At baseline (within first 1 hour of diagnosis)
EtCO₂ level measured in mmHg using nasal capnography at the time of diagnosis to assess its ability to identify high-risk and intermediate-high-risk pulmonary embolism and to predict the need for thrombolytic therapy.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Bugra Kerget
Associate Professor of Pulmonary Medicine
Ataturk University