Effectiveness and acceptability of Mindful breathing and Deep breathing in patients with Anxiety Disorders: A randomised trial

TITLE OF STUDY: Effectiveness and acceptability of Mindful breathing and Deep breathing in patients with Anxiety Disorders, A randomised trial

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness and acceptability of two regularly used relaxation methods (deep breathing and mindful breathing) in individuals with anxiety disorders. This study comprises all patients over the age of 18 who visit the Department of Psychiatry’s Out-Patient setting and are diagnosed with anxiety disorders (moderate to severe anxiety as measured by the GAD-7 score) and can communicate in English or Hindi. Patients with a diagnosis of bipolar or related disorder, psychotic illness, other comorbid psychiatric illness, substance use disorder (excluding disorders caused by nicotine use), intellectual development disorder, other neurocognitive disorders, or any organic disorder presenting with a complaint of anxiety will be excluded from the study. In this study, we will compare two alternative interventions (deep breathing and mindful breathing) in patients with anxiety disorders, with the goal of determining if either relaxation strategy is equally successful in eliminating anxiety symptoms after a single session.

Research on the effectiveness and acceptability of relaxation methods in India is limited, with most studies involving non-clinical participants not diagnosed with psychiatric disorders. There is a significant gap in understanding the impact of these methods on individuals with diagnosed anxiety disorders. Additionally, previous studies did not specify whether relaxation techniques were administered in person or by healthcare professionals. Comparative evidence on the effectiveness of methods like deep breathing and mindful breathing in reducing anxiety is scarce, and data on participant adherence and acceptability is lacking. Gathering such data is crucial for improving future strategies, enhancing patient engagement, satisfaction, and adherence to treatment, and ensuring diverse implementation of effective anxiety management tools.

Future Implications: The study would generate data regarding comparison of deep breathing and mindful breathing, in terms of effectiveness and patients preference. The study will add to the evidence-based guidance for clinicians, supporting informed decision-making based on individual preferences. The findings could promote the use of both breathing exercises as long-term and preventive strategies for anxiety, potentially reducing the frequency and severity of anxiety disorders. With both techniques being effective, they can be integrated into comprehensive care plans that include other therapeutic modalities, improving overall treatment efficacy. The results will pave the way for future research comparing these techniques with other relaxation and mindfulness interventions, deepening our understanding of effective anxiety management practices.