"Removal of Intracanal Medicament by Different Techniques: (Cone Beam Computed Tomography Analysis) (Clinical Study)"

the primary etiological factors for pulpal and periradicular diseases are microorganisms. Therefore, the primary purpose of endodontic treatment is to completely eradicate microorganisms from the root canal. This is achieved through chemo-mechanical preparation of the canal, which includes proper cleaning and shaping by instrumentation and irrigation.

Complexity of the root canal system compromises the eradication of microorganisms completely by traditional methods. The remaining bacteria may multiply between appointments and reach the same previous concentration. Therefore, intracanal medicaments play an important role in canal disinfection.

Intracanal medication becomes more necessary in cases involving bacteria that are resistant to routine treatment, as well as in situations where successful completion of therapy is hindered by persistent pain or continuous exudate.

The concept is to temporarily fill the root canal with a material that would chemically and physically enhance eradication and prevent the proliferation of microorganisms.

The most commonly used intracanal medicament is calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), Through releasing hydroxyl ions disrupts the structural integrity of bacterial cytoplasmic membranes. In addition, Ca(OH)₂ indirectly affects anaerobic microorganisms within the root canal through a reaction between calcium ions and aqueous carbon dioxide, resulting in degradation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides.