A Two-decade Mortality Risk Analysis of Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Neoplasms: an Updated SEER-based Study 2000-2022

Carcinoid tumors are rare neuroendocrine tumors with slowly progressive course with the sites are small intestine accounting for 45%, rectum (20%), appendix (17%), colon (11%), and stomach (7%). This study focus on the mortality risk analysis for GI carcinoids due to data insufficiency in the literature. This is a retrospective cohort study based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database using SEER*Stat software covering approximately 28% of the U.S. The inclusion criteria involved all patients with primary malignant GI carcinoid tumor diagnosed between 2000 and 2021 with sequence number 0 or 1. Sequence 0 indicated the patient had only one cancer record while sequence 1 indicated the patient may had developed many cancer records following the first one. In addition, the tumors were restricted to malignant behavior codes (ICD-O-3 Code 3). We used SEER*Stat software (version 9.0.42.0) to conduct data extraction and statistical analysis. We used the MP-SIR session to calculate the SMR as Observed/Expected (O/E) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and the excess risk (ER) was per 10,000. Statistical significance was achieved at 0.05. With further analysis, we compared cancer as a cause of death (COD) to other non-cancer COD across different time intervals and primary sites among GI carcinoid tumour.