Inhaled Hypertonic Saline Use in the Emergency Department to Treat Acute Viral Bronchiolitis

Not Applicable

Terminated

• Conditions: Bronchiolitis
• Interventions: Drug: Hypertonic Saline; Radiation: Chest X-Ray; Other: Respiratory virus screening test

• Registration Number: NCT02045238
• Lead Sponsor: University of Sao Paulo

Brief Summary

Acute viral bronchiolitis is an extremely common childhood disease, responsible for approximately 17% of childhood admissions to hospital per year, with an annually cost that reaches U$ 500 million.

Despite being a well known disease among pediatricians, there are few, if any, effective treatment options apart from oxygen supplementation and adequate hydration.

The purpose of this study is to determine wether nebulized hypertonic saline (3%) is more effective than normal saline (0,9%) when used in repeated doses during the first 24 hours of in-hospital treatment.

Detailed Description

Acute viral bronchiolitis is a lower airway infection, caused manly by Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Near 1% of children up to 2 years of age get it with sufficient severity to warrant hospital admission, with an annual cost of about U$ 500 million in the US, superior, for instance, than cystic fibrosis annual cost.

Despite the physiopathology and clinical course being well known among pediatricians, few therapeutical options other than adequate hydration and oxygen supplementation have proven to be effective Corticosteroids are not effective and bronchodilators are controversial, and treatment is still mostly empiric and lacking evidence.

In the last few years, there has been a growing interest in the use of nebulized hypertonic saline (HS) as a promising approach. The rational is that HS would help reducing edema and mucus viscosity, enhancing its rheologic properties. Recent studies suggest that HS could reduce up to 1 day (25%) of time until discharge in admitted patients. In the Emergency Department, HS was not superior to other forms of treatment, but these studies lack power and similarities to draw further conclusions. Also, time of treatment and ideal interval between doses are not known as yet.

To our knowledge, few if any studies have assessed patients with an intermediary (up to 24h) time of stay, namely a short stay ward attached to an emergency department. Thus, we have endeavoured to determine if repeated doses of nebulized HS are superior to nebulized normal saline (NS) during the first 24 hour of treatment, when considered: rate of admission, time until discharge, time until attain discharge criteria, and rate of readmission after discharge.

Furthermore, most studies use HS associated to a bronchodilator, because of a theoretical possibility that HS alone could induce bronchoconstriction and worsen respiratory symptoms. However, recent studies have shown that HS use without bronchodilators have not caused any worsening of symptoms in bronchiolitis patients. Therefore, we propose to study the effect of HS alone, without the adding of bronchodilators, which would minimize bias in the treatment group.

Basic Information
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Recruitment & Eligibility
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Study & Design
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Trial Locations

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2013-07
• Study First Submitted: 2014-01-22
• Study First Submitted QC: 2014-01-22
• Study First Posted: 2014-01-24
• Primary Completion: 2014-12
• Study Completion: 2014-12
• Status Verified: 2015-01
• Results First Submitted: 2015-01-05
• Results First Submitted QC: 2015-01-05
• Last Update Submitted: 2015-01-05
• Results First Posted: 2015-01-12
• Last Update Posted: 2015-01-12

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: TERMINATED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 32

Inclusion Criteria

• Age < 12 months
• Clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis (viral respiratory disease and wheezing)
• First episode of wheezing in life
• Moderate respiratory distress, defined as 2 of the following: Sat <93%, respiratory rate >60 and/or RDAI score >4

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Exclusion Criteria

• Previous episodes of wheezing in history
• Use of bronchodilators, corticosteroids or antibiotics in the 24 hours prior to admission or at any time during treatment.
• Other clinical conditions such as: prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cystic fibrosis, cardiac disease or immunodeficiencies.
• detection of alveolar infiltrates suggestive of pneumonia in radiologic examination
• respiratory impairment requiring mechanical ventilation on arrival to hospital.

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Hypertonic Saline	Respiratory virus screening test	Patients will receive inhaled Hypertonic Saline 3%, initially with a 2 hour interval, and clinical evaluation prior to each inhalation. When they attain sat\>94% AND respiratory rate \<60 AND RDAI score \<4, the interval between inhalations will be changed to 4 hours. If they maintain these criteria for a whole 4 hour interval, they are discharged. If they do not improve enough to be discharged in 24 hours from the first inhalation, they are considered as admitted to hospital.
Hypertonic Saline	Hypertonic Saline	Patients will receive inhaled Hypertonic Saline 3%, initially with a 2 hour interval, and clinical evaluation prior to each inhalation. When they attain sat\>94% AND respiratory rate \<60 AND RDAI score \<4, the interval between inhalations will be changed to 4 hours. If they maintain these criteria for a whole 4 hour interval, they are discharged. If they do not improve enough to be discharged in 24 hours from the first inhalation, they are considered as admitted to hospital.
Hypertonic Saline	Chest X-Ray	Patients will receive inhaled Hypertonic Saline 3%, initially with a 2 hour interval, and clinical evaluation prior to each inhalation. When they attain sat\>94% AND respiratory rate \<60 AND RDAI score \<4, the interval between inhalations will be changed to 4 hours. If they maintain these criteria for a whole 4 hour interval, they are discharged. If they do not improve enough to be discharged in 24 hours from the first inhalation, they are considered as admitted to hospital.
Normal Saline	Respiratory virus screening test	Patients will receive inhaled normal saline, initially with a 2 hour interval, and clinical evaluation prior to each inhalation. When they attain sat\>94% AND respiratory rate \<60 AND RDAI score \<4, the interval between inhalations will be changed to 4 hours. If they maintain these criteria for a whole 4 hour interval, they are discharged. If they do not improve enough to be discharged in 24 hours from the first inhalation, they are considered as admitted to hospital.
Normal Saline	Chest X-Ray	Patients will receive inhaled normal saline, initially with a 2 hour interval, and clinical evaluation prior to each inhalation. When they attain sat\>94% AND respiratory rate \<60 AND RDAI score \<4, the interval between inhalations will be changed to 4 hours. If they maintain these criteria for a whole 4 hour interval, they are discharged. If they do not improve enough to be discharged in 24 hours from the first inhalation, they are considered as admitted to hospital.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Rate of Admission	24 hours	Patients staying longer than 24h are considered to be admitted to ward.
Time to Attain Discharge Criteria	24 hours	Discharge criteria are: Room air saturation \>94% AND respiratory rate \< 60 AND Respiratory Distress Assessment Instrument (RDAI) score inferior than 4, maintained over a 4 hour period.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Rate of Readmission After Discharge	5 days	The mere attendance to the Emergency Department will not be isolately considered, as it may be due to a scheduled reevaluation.
Time to Discharge	24 hours	Actual time to discharge was considered of secondary importance as it can be influenced by individual considerations like patient age or time of the day.
Incidence of Adverse Effects	24 hours	Any adverse effects directly attributable to treatment shall be noted. Mere lack of improve or worsening of symptoms attributable to the disease clinical course will not be considered as adverse effects.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

University Hospital of Sao Paulo University; 🇧🇷 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil