Ursodeoxycholic Acid as add-on Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Registration Number
- NCT05902468
- Lead Sponsor
- Tanta University
- Brief Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. It is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders globally. Despite the advancement in anti-diabetic drug therapy, most patients fail to achieve optimal glycemic control. therefore, there is a large unmet need to develop new strategies to improve the therapeutic outcomes in diabetic patients. This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid as adjunctive therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Detailed Description
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. It is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders globally. More than 75% of diabetic patients live in low- and middle-income countries. About 90% of diabetic patients have type 2 diabetes.
Insulin resistance (IR) and β-cell dysfunction are the two main pathophysiological events contributing to type 2 diabetes.
Insulin resistance is a pathological condition in which insulin-dependent tissues fail to properly respond to normal circulatory levels of insulin. Inflammatory mediators play a key role in insulin resistance. For example, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) impairs insulin signaling via serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1). Additionally, it reduces glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) expression, limiting glucose entry into adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells. Similarly, IL-6 induces IRS degradation. Oxidative stress interferes with insulin signal transduction leading to IR. It activates several serine-threonine kinase pathways, which, in turn, phosphorylates IRS proteins leading to subsequent degradation.
β-cell dysfunction is associated with β-cell death. In an excessive nutritional state, as in obesity, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are often present, favoring IR and chronic inflammation. Under these circumstances, β-cells are subject to toxic pressures including inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, as well as amyloid stress, that ultimately lead to loss of islet integrity.
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is an endogenous hydrophilic bile acid normally present in human bile and traditionally used for the treatment of liver diseases. UDCA has direct antioxidant properties. It decreased glucose levels, alleviated hyperinsulinemia, and improved islet function in rats with liver fibrosis. Therefore, this study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid as adjunctive therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- RECRUITING
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 88
- Patients who have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus within the previous 12 months.
- Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) between 7% and 9%.
- Body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2
- Pregnant or nursing women.
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
- Liver disease (alanine aminotransferase > 3 upper normal limit).
- Kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2).
- Inflammatory bowel diseases
- History of allergy and/or adverse reactions to the drugs used in the study.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Group 2 Ursodeoxycholic acid 44 diabetic patients who will receive ursodeoxycholic acid 500 mg orally twice daily in addition to dual treatment with metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (such as vildagliptin)
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Glycemic control 12 weeks Fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Insulin resistance 12 weeks Fasting insulin, HOMA-IR
Lipid profile 12 weeks Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol
Serum asprosin 12 weeks Oxidative stress marker 12 weeks Serum malondialdehyde
Inflammation marker 12 weeks Interleukin-6, high mobility group box-1
Trial Locations
- Locations (2)
Faculty of medicine, Tanta University
🇪🇬Tanta, El-Gharbia, Egypt
Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University
🇪🇬Shibīn Al Kawm, Menoufia, Egypt