Comparison of the Acute Effects of Different Warm-up Protocols in Overhead Athletes With Posterior Shoulder Tightness

Not Applicable

Recruiting

• Conditions: Posterior Shoulder Tightness

• Registration Number: NCT06928103
• Lead Sponsor: National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University

Brief Summary

The aim of this study is to investigate the immediate effects of different warm-up protocols on Shoulder mobility, Muscle stiffness, Muscle power performance, Shoulder functional ability and Shoulder endurance in overhead athletes with posterior shoulder tightness

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Status Verified: 2024-09
• Study Start: 2025-01-19
• Study First Submitted: 2025-03-26
• Study First Submitted QC: 2025-04-07
• Last Update Submitted: 2025-04-07
• Study First Posted: 2025-04-15
• Last Update Posted: 2025-04-15
• Primary Completion: 2025-06-30
• Study Completion: 2025-06-30

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 21

Inclusion Criteria

• Recreational or amateur athletes between the ages of 18 and 40
• Training time exceeding four hours per week
• Shoulder internal rotation is reduced by more than 15 degrees compared to the non-dominant side, or the sum of shoulder external rotation and internal rotation is less than 15 degrees compared to the non-dominant side or Shoulder horizontal adduction is reduced by move than 15 degrees compared to the non-dominant side

Exclusion Criteria

• Shoulder pain within the past three months
• History of shoulder fracture, dislocation, or soft tissue tear surgery in the past
• Contraindications for massage include: open wounds in the treatment area, skin cancer, infections in the treatment area, and severe edema

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Passive range of motion	Pre-intervention and post intervention (immediate effect)	Passive range of motion (PROM) testing includes shoulder internal rotation, external rotation, and horizontal adduction.; For shoulder internal and external rotation, the subject lies supine on a treatment table with the shoulder abducted to 90° and the elbow flexed to 90°. One examiner stabilizes the humeral head while passively moving the arm, and another examiner measures the range using a goniometer.; For shoulder horizontal adduction, the subject lies supine with the shoulder flexed to 90°, the elbow flexed to 90°, and the shoulder internally rotated. One examiner stabilizes the scapula while passively moving the arm, and another examiner measures the range using a goniometer.; (unit of measure : degree)
Active range of motion	Pre-intervention and post intervention (immediate effect)	Active range of motion (AROM) testing includes shoulder internal rotation, external rotation, and horizontal adduction.; For shoulder internal and external rotation, the subject lies supine on a treatment table with the shoulder abducted to 90° and the elbow flexed to 90°. One examiner stabilizes the humeral head while the subject actively performs the movement, and another examiner measures the range using a goniometer.; For shoulder horizontal adduction, the subject lies supine with the shoulder flexed to 90°, the elbow flexed to 90°, and the shoulder internally rotated. One examiner stabilizes the scapula while the subject actively performs the movement, and another examiner measures the range using a goniometer.; (unit of measure : degree)
Muscle stiffness	Pre-intervention and post intervention (immediate effect)	The stiffness of the posterior shoulder muscles is assessed using a myotonometer (Myoton-Pro, Myoton AS, Tallinn, Estonia) to measure the infraspinatus and posterior deltoid.; During the test, the subject exposes the shoulder area and lies in a prone position. A towel is placed under the front of the shoulder to ensure relaxation.; For the infraspinatus, the measurement is taken two finger-widths below the midpoint of the scapular spine. For the posterior deltoid, the measurement is taken two finger-widths from the inferior edge of the acromion. Each muscle is tested five times, and the average value is recorded.; (unit of measure : Newton metre)
Power performance	Pre-intervention and post intervention (immediate effect)	Shoulder internal and external rotation strength is assessed with the subject lying supine on a treatment table, with the shoulder abducted to 90° and the elbow flexed to 90°.; The subject is instructed to perform a maximal isometric contraction of internal or external rotation for 3 seconds at the highest speed and force possible. One examiner stabilizes the humeral head, while a handheld dynamometer (Kinvent, Montpellier, France) attached to a handle is used for measurement.; The test is performed three times, with a 30-second rest between trials, and the average value is recorded.; (unit of measure : kilogram and Kilogram Per Second)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Functional performance - Y balance test upper quarter	Pre-intervention and post intervention (immediate effect)	Before performing the Y Balance Test upper quarter (Move2Perform, Evansville, IN, USA), the subject removes shoes and socks and assumes a push-up position with feet shoulder-width apart.; The starting position is set with the dominant hand placed on the platform, aligning the adducted thumb with the red line.; The test involves reaching in three directions-lateral, diagonal-up, and diagonal-down-using the non-dominant hand while returning to the starting position after each reach. Each direction is tested three times, and the average value is recorded.; (unit of measure : centimetre)
Functional performance - closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST)	Pre-intervention and post intervention (immediate effect)	The Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST) measures upper limb dynamic stability and plyometric ability.; To ensure accuracy, the distance from C7 to the tip of the middle finger is measured to determine hand placement.; During the test, the subject assumes a push-up position with feet together and alternately touches the opposite hand as many times as possible within 15 seconds. The test is performed twice, with a 45-second rest between trials, and the average value is recorded.; (unit of measure : times)
Shoulder endurance	Pre-intervention and post intervention (immediate effect)	The Posterior Shoulder Endurance Test assesses the fatigue resistance of posterior shoulder muscles.; Before testing, a standardized dumbbell weight is determined as 2% of the subject's body weight, rounded to the nearest value.; The subject lies prone at the edge of a treatment table with the head turned toward the testing side and the arm hanging naturally.; Following a 60 Hz rhythm, the subject repeatedly lifts the arm sideways (shoulder external rotation, 90° horizontal abduction, and full elbow extension) until unable to continue or compensatory movements occur.; (unit of measure : times)

Trial Locations

Locations (2)

No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St. Beitou Dist., Taipei City 112304, Taiwan; 🇨🇳 Taipei city, Taiwan

National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University; 🇨🇳 Taipei, Taiwan