Effectiveness of Manual Pressure Application Versus Shotblocker on Reducing Insulin Injection Pain Among Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Manual Pressure Application (MPA) is a cost-free, nonpharmacological method that is easily learned and requires no equipment or preparation use for reduce insulin injection pain among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus .Manual therapy interventions (also described as force-based manipulations) refer to the passive application of mechanical force to the outside of the body with therapeutic effect. Right thumb pressure was be applied to the appropriate inject site of insulin therapy for 10 seconds, then immediately inject the insulin. The children's pain intensity during and immediately after insulin injection scores will be rated by the children themselves and a researcher using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale.

The Shotblocker is a low-technology, cost-effective small flat C-shaped plastic flexible tool with multiple short, blunt protrusions on one side that is a non-invasive and drug-free method. This tool is applied to the skin to create signal sensory distraction surrounding the injection site, resulting in inhibition of pain signals during injection. Apply the shotblocker and press firmly with its multiple blunt protrusions on contact points of skin. After that, give an insulin injection through the central opening. The children's pain intensity during and immediately after insulin injection scores will be rated by the children themselves and a researcher using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale.

The children's pain intensity scores during and immediately after insulin injection will be rated by the children themselves and a researcher by using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale to control the group who don't receive the previous method of intervention and receive routine care only.