"Grupos de Canto Para Seniores" Despacho Nº 11409-C/2017, Projeto n.º 626, From Orçamento Participativo Portugal, Ministério da Cultura

Quality of Life - WHOQOL-BREF

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

The WHOQOL-BREF measures the subjective perception of quality of life. It consists of 26 items, of which two items measure global quality of life and 24 items measure four dimensions. In this study the (1) Physical health, (2) Psychological Health, (3) Social relationships will be measured. The items are answered in a 5 point scale, from 1 (Very Bad; Very Unsatisfied; Nothing; Never) to 5 (Very Good; Very Satisfied; Extremely; Always).

Depression, Anxiety and Stress - Dass 21

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

The DASS 21 measures Anxiety, Depression and Stress. Consists of 21 items distributed in 3 subscales of 7 items each, answered on a 4-point scale, ranging from: 0 "It did not apply to me", to 3 "Applied to me most of the time".

Positive and Negative Affect - PANAS

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

Measures the frequency of positive and negative emotions, during the past four months, and consists of two scales with 10 items each, answered on a 5-point scale from: 1 "nothing or very slightly"; to 5 "extremely".

Social Well-Being - Scale of Social Well-Being

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

Measures a multidimensional construct of social well-being including the dimensions: social acceptance, social coherence, social actualization, social integration and social contribution. Constituted by 33 items, answered on a 7-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree).

Quality of Life - WHOQOL-OLD

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

The WHOQOL-OLD measures the quality of life specifically for older adults, with 28 items, measuring six dimensions. In this study the dimensions (1) sensory abilities; (2) autonomy; (3) past, present, and future activities; and (4) social participation will be measured. The items are answered in a 5-point scale, from 1 (Nothing; Very Bad; Very Unsatisfied) to 5 (Extremely; Very Good; Very Satisfied).

Life Satisfaction - SWLS

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

Measures satisfaction with life in general, according to the persons' criteria. Consists of five items, answered on a 5-point scale from: 1 = strongly disagree; to 5 - I agree very much.

Social Identification - FISI

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

Measures the emotional evaluation of the relationship between the self and the ingroup, with four items, answered on a 7-point scale, ranging from: 1 "strongly disagree", to 7 "strongly agree".

Short-term auditory verbal memory - RAVELT

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

The scale measures the rate of verbal learning, learning strategies, retroactive, and proactive interference, presence of confabulation or confusion in memory processes, retention of information, and differences between learning and retrieval. It consists of a list of 15 unrelated words repeated over five different trials, which participants are asked to repeat.

Attention and Executive Function - Trail Making Test

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

The test measures the processing speed, mental flexibility, and divided attention. It consists of a task of connecting a trail of numbers with a drawing line. In this study, TMT A will be used, providing two direct scores: time to complete part A and performance errors.

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) - Blood sample - Licensed laboratory

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

A measure of the red blood cells sedimentation by micro photometry over a period of time. A blood sedimentation rate is tested to detect inflammation in the body or to follow the progress of a disease. Data is collected and analyzed by a licensed laboratory.

Health Services Attendance - Social Support Institution

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

Number and type of health services appointments registered and supplied by the Social Care Institution to the research team with the authorization of the participants.

Self-Esteem - RSES

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

Measures the appreciation of self-worth and self-acceptance, with 10 items, answered on a 4-point Likert scale, from: 1 = strongly disagree; to 4 = strongly agree.

Loneliness - UCLA Loneliness Scale

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

Measures the feeling of being cut off from others, with four items, derived from the longer version of the ULS-20, answered on a 4-point scale from: 0 (Never), to 4 (Often / Many Times).

Glycemia - Blood sample - Licensed laboratory

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

Measures the amount of glucose present in the blood, used in the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases as diabetes mellitus or hypoglycemia. Data is collected and analyzed by a licensed laboratory.

Cholesterol - Blood sample - Licensed laboratory

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

Measures total cholesterol, a fatty substance produced by the liver, present in all body cells and essential for the formation of the cell membranes hormone synthesis, digestion of fats, production of bile, metabolism of vitamins A, D, E and K, important in the constitution of global coronary disease risk. Data is collected and analyzed by a licensed laboratory.

Respiratory Function - Spirometry (Medikro Pro) - Air Speed

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

The test consists of a simple examination, which allows to globally evaluate how the lungs are functioning by measuring the speed of air expired (litres per second, measured with the tests PEF, FEF 25 to 75%). Data is collected by trained researchers in motricity sciences.

Sleep Quality - Actigraphy (GT3X accelerometer)

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

Actigraphy registers the body accelerations in three axes (vertical, antero-posterior, and medio-lateral). Participants will be asked to wear the accelerometer around the hip for seven consecutive days (day and night, except for bathing). The accelerometer provides a measure of the frequency, intensity, and duration of physical activity and allows for a measure of the total duration of sleep.

Pulse - Licensed laboratory

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

The count of arterial pulse per minute, measures the number of times the heart beats per minute. Data collected and analyzed by a licensed laboratory.

Processing Speed - Digit Symbol Test

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

The test measures the processing speed of non-verbal information. It consists of a task of drawing figures corresponding to numbers. It also measures cognitive and motor speed, planning ability, visual memory, visuomotor coordination, motivation to perform the task and attention.

Blood Pressure - Licensed laboratory

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

Measures the pressure with which the blood circulates within the arteries. Data collected and analyzed by a licensed laboratory.

Body Weight - Professional scale

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

Body weight is assessed by weighing the person with light clothing, without shoes and while fasting.

Respiratory Function - Spirometry (Medikro Pro) - Air Volume

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

The test consists of a simple examination, which allows to globally evaluate how the lungs are functioning by measuring the volume of air (measured in litres with the tests FVC, FEV1 and FEV6). In addition the Tiffeneau-Pinelli Index will be measured, which is a ratio between FVC and FEV1. Data is collected by trained researchers in motricity sciences.

Body Balance - Unipedal Stance Test.

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

The participant is instructed to balance on a foot of their choosing for up to 20 seconds. The number of seconds in balance is registered as the score of this test. Data collected by trained researchers in motricity sciences.

Physical Activity - Actigraphy (GT3X accelerometer)

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

Actigraphy registers the body accelerations in three axes (vertical, antero-posterior, and medio-lateral). Participants will be asked to wear the accelerometer around the hip for seven consecutive days (day and night, except when bathing). The accelerometer provides a measure of the frequency, intensity, and duration of physical activity and allows for the classification of activity levels as sedentary, light, moderate and vigorous.

Cognitive Function - MoCA

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

Measures six cognitive functions: executive function; visuospatial skills; short-term memory; language; attention, concentration and working memory; and temporal and spatial orientation. The test is constituted by six groups of tasks and exercises. The maximum score is 30 points; higher scores indicate better cognitive performance.

C-reactive protein (CRP) - Blood sample - Licensed laboratory

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

Measures C-reactive protein, a protein produced in the liver and in case of inflammatory states its production increases. Indicates an ongoing, but not specific, organism infection. It can also be high in case of neoplasia. Data collected and analyzed by a licensed laboratory.

Pain Perception - The Brief Pain Inventory,

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

The scale measures different types of pain, with nine questions: a first one that is optional; a second one based on drawings of the human body to locate the pain in the body; four items about pain intensity (worst pain, least pain, average pain, pain right now); two items on pain relief or medication; and one item on pain interference, with seven sub-items (general activity, mood, walking ability, normal walk, relations with other people, sleep, and enjoyment of life). Answering options from: 0 "No pain / Did not interfered"; and 10 "The greatest pain possible / Completely interfered".

Medication Intake - Social Support Institution

时间窗: Change from baseline at 4 months (post-test) and at 10 months (follow-up).

Medication and dosage are registered and supplied by the Social Care Institution to the research team with the authorization of the participants.