Canola and Flax Oils in Modulation of Vascular Function and Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 43
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Endothelial Health
研究概览
简要总结
The objectives of this study are to examine how the consumption of treatment oils (including canola oil, DHA enriched canola-oil, high oleic acid canola oil, flax oil, and safflower oil) influence endothelial function, inflammation, oxidation, body composition, and plasma lipoprotein characterization.
详细描述
The consequence of total fat consumption on circulating plasma lipids and the incidence of cardiovascular disease has long been a central theme in nutrition research. Less well known is the influence of specific fatty acids on vascular endothelial function and the oxidative and inflammatory responses characteristic of atherogenesis. Omega 3 ( ω-3) fatty acids, including plant derived alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3, ALA) and marine derived eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) have been shown to effectively modulate multiple cardiovascular risk factors in epidemiological, animal model and human clinical investigations. ALA is most commonly consumed as a major component of dietary canola and flaxseed oils and has a recommended intake of 1.1 and 1.6 g/d for women and men, respectively. EPA and DHA are consumed as fatty fish or fish oil and algae supplements with current recommended intakes of 500 mg/d (combined EPA and DHA).
ALA is thought to improve cardiovascular health by modulating circulating lipid concentrations, altering membrane structure and function by enhancing the total ω-3 fatty acid content of cell membrane phospholipids, and reducing inflammatory reactions by blocking the formation of arachidonic acid derived eicosanoids. However, there are extensive knowledge gaps in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and clinical efficacy of ω-3 fatty acids in human health and disease prevention. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to further examine these relationships.
Feeding protocol and study treatments:
The study will proceed as a double blind, randomized cross-over controlled feeding study. Each treatment phase will be 30 days in duration, separated by 4-week washout periods. Subjects will consume a fixed composition of a precisely controlled basal, weight-maintaining diet (35% energy from fat, 50% carbohydrate, and 15% protein) supplemented with 60g/d of the following treatment oils: 1) canola oil; 2) DHA enriched canola-oil; 3) high oleic acid canola oil; 4) flax/corn oil (40:60); or 5) safflower/corn oil (75:25). Study diets will be prepared in a metabolic kitchen facility at each clinical site. Three isocaloric meals will be prepared each day for every subject. A 7-day rotating menu cycle will be used. Subjects will consume at least 1 of 3 daily meals under supervision. The other meals will be prepared and packed for every subject to be taken out. The study control and intervention oils will be delivered in milkshakes provided twice daily. Subjects will be instructed to consume only the prepared meals and limit their intake of alcohol to 2 drinks/week and caffeinated calorie free beverages to 40oz (5 drinks) per day. Diets will be planned for every subject according to his/her energy requirements and will be nutritionally adequate.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- Double (Participant, Care Provider)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 20 Years 至 65 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Aged 20-65 years
- •BMI = 22-32 kg/m2
- •In addition, eligibility will be based on metabolic syndrome criteria where we define eligibility on the basis of subjects having elevated waist circumference + 1 or more of the remaining 5 criteria:
- •Elevated waist circumference - > 102 cm for men and >88 cm for women
- •Elevated triglycerides - ≥ 1.7 mmol/L ( ≥150mg/dl) ( no upper limit)
- •Reduced HDL - < 1 mmol/L (<40 mg/dl) for men and < 1.3 mmol/L (<50 mg/dl)for women
- •Fasting glucose - ≥ 100 mg/dl (no upper limit)
- •Elevated blood pressure - systolic ≥130 and/or diastolic ≥85 mm HG
- •Unmedicated participants - upper limit of Stage 1 Hypertension: systolic ≤ 159 and/or diastolic ≤ 99 mm HG and participants must be free of end stage/target organ disease symptoms
- •BP medicated participants: acceptable as long as individuals meet the specified blood pressure range of <140/90 mmHg, and have been stable for at least 6 months.
排除标准
- •Smokers**
- •History of thyroid disease, diabetes, kidney or liver disease, heart disease, or other chronic diseases
- •Heavy alcohol consumption (>14 drinks/week)
- •Chronic anti-inflammatory medication use
- •Lactation, pregnancy, or desire to become pregnant during the study
- •Taking lipid lowering medications (cholestyramine, colestipol, niacin, clofibrate, gemfibrozil probucol, HMG CoA reductase inhibitors) within the last three months
- •Not willing to refrain from blood/plasma donation during the study period
- •Gall bladder removal
- •For purposes of the this study non-smoking is defined as >6 months smoke-free; there is some evidence to show that smoking cessation increases HDL levels and 6 months is adequate time for this to stabilize, however this time span was chosen based on the decreased rate of relapse after 6 months.
结局指标
主要结局
Endothelial Health
时间窗: End of diet period 5 (week 36)
Study subjects will undergo endothelial health assessment by EndoPAT analysis. The EndoPat procedure will occur while the subject is lying down in a relaxed state. Throughout the study, the inflation pressure of the EndoPAT device will be electronically set to 10mm Hg below diastolic BP. Testing begins with 10 min of rest. Following rest, baseline pulse amplitude is measured from each fingertip for 5 min. Next, arterial flow is interrupted for 5 min by a cuff placed on the forearm at an occlusion pressure of 250 mmHg. Following occlusion release, pulse amplitude recording continues for 5 min.
次要结局
- Production of long chain fatty acids(Week 4, 12, 20, 28 and 36 - End of each diet period)
- Plasma Lipids(Week 4, 12, 20, 28 and 36 - End of each diet period)
- Body Composition(Week 4, 12, 20, 28 and 36 - End of each diet period)
- Plasma Cytokines(Week 4, 12, 20, 28 and 36 - End of each diet period)