Does a Measure Exist in the Right Ventricle Which Can Act as a Surrogate Marker for Future Ventriclar Sysfunction When Pacing - a Pilot Study

This study is designed to explore whether a marker exists within the right ventricle (RV) that may suggest future pacing induced dysfunction of the heart. Pacing the heart is a necessary procedure when normal conduction has failed. It has been shown in some patients to result in deleterious effects on the pumping function of the left ventricle acutely and chronically. Little has been looked into within right ventricular function and how this interacts with the left side. The fact that this dysfunction is not seen in all patients who receive pacemakers is important and we aim to use these pure haemodynamic measures to investigate this issue and try to identify those patients who may go on to have pacing induced dysfunction. This is an important scientific question to answer as we know that these patients can be spared the ventricular dysfunction by the intervention of biventricular pacing at the time of initial implantation. What we do not know is how to choose this group at the outset.

The study has been designed as a pilot investigation using patients who are to undergo permanent pacemaker therapy. Our study will entail one additional catheter being passed to the heart and also one to the inferior vena cava. This measurement of heart function will be performed directly after the implantation of the pacemaker and will add only a small amount of time to the case.

We will then follow these patients up and take echocardiographic data as well as blood markers of impaired ventricular function at 6 months.

The design of this study is that of a cohort study with the common exposure being that of pacemaker therapy. We seek to take detailed haemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements at the time of implantation. This will yield powerful data when cross referenced to cases of adverse ventricular function seen due to pacing at follow up. We aim to perform this pilot study as a feasibility process in order to ascertain the frequency of measurable adverse effects in this population and gain early insights into the markers we can look for. We do not know this data at present. This will allow for a future definitive study to be designed with appropriate participant numbers and follow up periods. The follow up period of 6 months has been set in order to fit within the time constraints of an ongoing MD undertaking.

Patients who are being booked for a pacemaker implantation as per the normal course of their treatment will be eligible to enter the study as long as they have a high anticipated pacing component. This means that these patients would be expected to have their heart stimulated via the pacemaker most of the time under normal circumstances of their care.