Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Glabellar Lines: Efficacy and Safety Study III (BLESSIII)
- Registration Number
- NCT03985982
- Lead Sponsor
- Croma-Pharma GmbH
- Brief Summary
The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of BoNT/A-DP in the treatment of glabellar lines in comparison with placebo, including efficacy after repeat treatments and long term safety.
- Detailed Description
The study is a parallel-group, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study followed by an open label extension.
An interim Analysis will be performed when all subjects finalized the re-evaluation for retreatment visit at week 16 of the first treatment cycle or completed the double blind phase (whichever occurs earlier).
The first treatment cycle of the study will comprise two treatment groups as follows:
* Group A (active): BoNT/A-DP (20 units, 0.5 mL)
* Group B (placebo control): sterile, 0.9% sodium chloride, (0.5 mL). Eligible subjects will be randomized at baseline (day 0) to Group A or B to receive the first treatment in a 3:1 randomization scheme, respectively. Investigators and subjects will be blinded to the treatment administered and will evaluate the severity of glabellar lines independently. The subject should perform their assessment independently and ideally before the investigator, to ensure they are not biased by the investigator. The same investigator should assess the subject at baseline and at the visits at weeks 1, 2 and 4 in the first treatment cycle.
After a screening period of up to14 calendar days, subjects will receive the first treatment (BoNT/A-DP or placebo) and attend for visits at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after treatment and at 4 weekly intervals thereafter for evaluation of efficacy and safety (primary and key secondary efficacy endpoints are evaluated in the first treatment cycle in comparison with placebo).
The first treatment cycle will last at least 12 weeks and will end when the subjects qualify for re-treatment (in accordance with the "eligibility for re-treatment criteria"). After the first treatment cycle is completed, all subjects may enter the open label extension phase and will be dosed with BoNT/A-DP (20 U) for subsequent re-treatments.
Evaluation for re-treatment takes place at the earliest at 12 weeks after the first/previous treatment. Subjects who do not qualify for re-treatment at week 12 will have the option (pending eligibility) of re-treatment at a later visit (at 4 weekly intervals thereafter) until they are eligible for re-treatment or until a total of 48 weeks has elapsed since study start. Subjects will attend for visits at 1 and 4 weeks after any re-treatment and at 4 weekly intervals thereafter. At week 2 and week 8 of each open label cycle a telephone call visit will take place. According to the study schedule (Section 2.1 and Section 2.2), a maximum of 4 treatments per subject (4 treatment cycles) is permitted during the study time frame, with treatments separated by a minimum of 12 weeks.
The number of treatments administered per subject will depend on the subject's qualification for re-treatment; however, the last opportunity for re-treatment is at week 48.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 410
- Ages ≥ 18 years or older at time of screening (upper limit 75 years, inclusive).
- Has moderate to severe glabellar frown lines at maximum frown (severity score of 2 or 3 on FWS) as determined by in-clinic assessments by both the investigator and the subject (where: 0 =´none´, 1= ´mild´, 2= ´moderate´, 3= ´severe´).
Subject had a stable medical condition with no uncontrolled systemic disease.
- Female subjects of childbearing potential had to test negative for pregnancy and agree to use effective birth control during the course of the study.
- Subjects who wear glasses had to be able to adequately self-assess the severity of their glabellar lines (according to the FWS), without glasses obstructing the forehead area.
- Moderate to severe glabellar lines indicating an important psychological impact on the subject as indicated by scores > 0 on either the Emotional or the Social Functioning subscale of the Modified Skindex-16 GL-QoL scale.
- Previous treatment with any serotype of botulinum toxin for any indication within the 12 months prior to screening, or any planned treatment with botulinum toxin of any serotype for any reason during the study (other than the investigational treatment).
- Known hypersensitivity to the study drug or its excipients.
- Any medical condition that may place the subject at increased risk due to exposure to botulinum toxin, including diagnosed myasthenia gravis, Eaton-Lambert syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, profound atrophy or weakness in the target muscles, or any other condition (at the investigator´s discretion) that might interfere with neuromuscular function or contraindicate botulinum toxin therapy.
- Facial laser or light treatment, microdermabrasion, superficial peels or retinoid therapy within the 3 months prior to screening or planned during the study.
- Apart from the procedures specified above, previous treatment with any facial aesthetic procedure in the glabellar area (including chemical peeling, injection with biodegradable fillers) within 12 months prior to screening or planned during the study.
- Previous treatment with any serotype of botulinum toxin for any indication within the 12 months prior to screening, or any planned treatment with botulinum toxin of any serotype for any reason during the trail (other than the investigational treatment).
- Previous insertion of permanent material in the glabellar area or planned during the study.
- Any surgery, or history of surgery, in the glabellar area including surgical removal of the corrugator, procerus or depressor supercilii muscles or a combination of these or scars in the glabellar area or such surgery planned during the study.
- Active skin disease/infection or irritation at the treatment area.
- Inability to substantially lessen glabellar frown lines even by physically spreading them apart.
- Use of a muscle relaxant within 2 weeks prior to screening, or planned during the study.2
- Marked facial asymmetry or ptosis of eyelid and/or eyebrow, or current facial palsy or neuromuscular junction disorders as judged by the investigator.
- Pregnant, breastfeeding or planning to become pregnant during the study.
- Use of prohibited medication including anticholinergic drugs, or drugs that could interfere with neuromuscular function, including aminoglycoside antibiotics and curare-like compounds within 2 weeks prior to screening or planned during the study.2
- Planned surgery with general anesthetic (use of local anesthetic outside the glabellar area was permitted).
- Participation in another clinical study within 1 month of screening and throughout the study.
- Previous participation in another botulinum toxin aesthetic study which involved the treatment of glabellar lines in combination with canthal lines and/or forehead lines, within the previous 18 months.
- Chronic drug or alcohol abuse (as per investigator discretion).
Eligibility Criteria for Retreatment
The following criteria had to be met for retreatment:
- At time of retreatment, the subject did not have relevant changes to their health status from enrolment, which could have prevented the subject's entry into the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
- The subject had to have been randomized to receive treatment and must have received ≥ 1 treatment (BoNT/A-DP or placebo).
- A minimum of 12 weeks must have elapsed since the previous study treatment.
- The subject's glabellar lines at maximum frown must have relapsed to a FWS score of 2 or 3 as determined by both the investigator and the subject.
- No relevant infection or inflammation in the planned injection area.
- Negative urine pregnancy test, in women of childbearing potential.
- The subject had to have received fewer than 4 study treatments.
- The subject had to have agreed and consented to retreatment.
- Retreatment was to be performed at the latest by Week 48.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Botulinum toxin A Botulinum Toxin A Botulinum Toxin A will be administered in double blind fashion in cycle 1. 20 Units will be administered (divided in five 0.1 mL i.m injections) into glabellar area. Placebo Placebo Placebo will be administered in double blind fashion in cycle 1 divided in five 0.1 mL injections into the glabellar area. Botulinum toxin A Open Label Extension Arm Botulinum Toxin A Open Label Extension Arm where all Subjects from Arm 1 and 2 can receive Experimental Treatment in up to 3 treatment cycles. 20 Units will be administered (divided in five 0.1 mL i.m. injections) into the glabellar area.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Facial Wrinkle Scale (FWS) Score of 0 or 1 and an Improvement of ≥ 2 Points in FWS Score (at Maximum Frown) at Week 4 Visit Relative to Baseline, Based on Both the Investigators´ and the Subjects´ In-clinic Assessments. Week 4 The primary endpoint is the percentage of subjects among BoNT/A-DP and placebo groups with a Facial Wrinkle Scale (FWS) score of 0 or 1 and an improvement of ≥ 2 points in FWS score (at maximum frown) at week 4 visit (of the first treatment cycle) relative to baseline (responders), based on both the investigators' and the subjects' in-clinic assessments. Thus, the primary endpoint is a composite endpoint comprising investigator and subject assessments of treatment effectiveness. FWS scores are a four-point rating scale as follows: 0 = no facial wrinkles; 1 = mild facial wrinkles; 2 = moderate facial wrinkles; and 3 = severe facial wrinkles.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Extent of Change in Psychological Impact (Emotional and Social Functioning and Concerns Relating to Glabellar Lines) Week 4 Extent of change in psychological impact at week 4 after first treatment, relative to baseline, assessed by
* modified Skindex-16 (Glabellar Line Quality of Life Scale, \[GL-QoL\]): Each of 7 items rated on 5-point scale: 0/Never, 1/Rarely, 2/Sometimes, 3/Often, 4/Always bothered, than rescaled to a 0 to 100 standardized score; Emotional Domain is the mean of 4 of the items; Social Functioning Domain is the mean of 3 of the items; Overall score is the mean of all 7 items. All reported scores ranging from 0 (best outcome) to 100 (worst outcome).
* validated FACE-Q Appraisal of Lines Between Eyebrows scale: Each of 7 items rated on 4-point scale: 1/Not at all, 2/a little, 3/moderately, 4/extremely. Reported score is the sum of the 7 items, standardized on a scale from 0 (worst outcome) to 100 (best outcome).
* Age Appraisal visual analog scale \[VAS\]: Perception of Age compared to actual age, in years ranging from -15 years (best outcome) to +15 years (worst outcome).Percentage of Responders at Maximum Frown at Week 12 Week 12 Percentage of subjects among BoNT/A-DP and placebo groups with a Facial Wrinkle Scale (FWS) score of 0 or 1 and an improvement of ≥ 2 points in FWS score (at maximum frown) at week 12 visit (of the first treatment cycle) relative to baseline (responders), based on both the investigators' and the subjects' in-clinic assessments. FWS scores are a four-point rating scale as follows: 0 = no facial wrinkles; 1 = mild facial wrinkles; 2 = moderate facial wrinkles; and 3 = severe facial wrinkles.
Percentage of Responders at Week 16 Week 16 Percentage of subjects among BoNT/A-DP and placebo groups with a Facial Wrinkle Scale (FWS) score of 0 or 1 and an improvement of ≥ 2 points in FWS score (at maximum frown) at week 16 visit (of the first treatment cycle) relative to baseline (responders), based on both the investigators' and the subjects' in-clinic assessments. FWS scores are a four-point rating scale as follows: 0 = no facial wrinkles; 1 = mild facial wrinkles; 2 = moderate facial wrinkles; and 3 = severe facial wrinkles.
Percentage of Responders at Week 20 Week 20 Percentage of subjects among BoNT/A-DP and placebo groups with a Facial Wrinkle Scale (FWS) score of 0 or 1 and an improvement of ≥ 2 points in FWS score (at maximum frown) at week 20 visit (of the first treatment cycle) relative to baseline (responders), based on both the investigators' and the subjects' in-clinic assessments. FWS scores are a four-point rating scale as follows: 0 = no facial wrinkles; 1 = mild facial wrinkles; 2 = moderate facial wrinkles; and 3 = severe facial wrinkles.
The Percentage of Subjects With a ≥ 1 Point Reduction in Facial Wrinkle Scale (FWS) Score at Rest at Week 4 Based Separately on the Investigators´ and the Subjects´ In-clinic Assessments Week 4 The Percentage of subjects with a ≥ 1 point reduction in Facial Wrinkle Scale (FWS) score at rest at week 4 in the first treatment cycle, based separately on the investigators' and the subjects' in-clinic assessments (applicable only for subjects who have a FWS score at rest ≥ 1 at baseline). FWS scores are a four-point rating scale as follows: 0 = no facial wrinkles; 1 = mild facial wrinkles; 2 = moderate facial wrinkles; and 3 = severe facial wrinkles.
Responder Rate at Weeks 1, 2 and 8 Week 1, Week 2 and Week 8 The Percentage of responders among BoNT/A-DP and placebo groups with a Facial Wrinkle Scale (FWS) score at maximum frown of 0 or 1 and an improvement ≥ 2 points in FWS score (at maximum frown) during the first treatment cycle visit relative to baseline, based on both the investigators' and the subjects' in-clinic assessments (composite endpoint, at weeks 1, 2 and 8). FWS scores are a four-point rating scale as follows: 0 = no facial wrinkles; 1 = mild facial wrinkles; 2 = moderate facial wrinkles; and 3 = severe facial wrinkles.
The Percentage of Subjects With ≥ 2-point and ≥ 1 Reduction in Facial Wrinkle Scale (FWS) Score (at Maximum Frown) Week 2, 4, 12, 16 and 20 The percentage of subjects with ≥ 2-point and ≥ 1 reduction in Facial Wrinkle Scale (FWS) score (at maximum frown) in the BoNT/A-DP and placebo groups during the first treatment cycle visit relative to baseline, based on the independent rater's assessment of photographs (at baseline and visits 2, 4, 12, 16 and 20 weeks after treatment, within the first treatment cycle). The median value of all assessments of the same photography was considered for analysis. FWS scores are a four-point rating scale as follows: 0 = no facial wrinkles; 1 = mild facial wrinkles; 2 = moderate facial wrinkles; and 3 = severe facial wrinkles.
Time to Onset of Effect in the BoNT/A-DP and Placebo Groups in the First Treatment Cycle From treatment at Day 0 to Week 4 in Treatment Cycle 1 Time to onset of effect in the BoNT/A-DP and placebo groups in the first treatment cycle, as measured at weeks 1, 2 and 4 based separately on subject and investigator assessment. Onset of effect defined as at least a 1 point improvement in Facial Wrinkle Scale (FWS) score from baseline (at maximum frown). FWS scores are a four-point rating scale as follows: 0 = no facial wrinkles; 1 = mild facial wrinkles; 2 = moderate facial wrinkles; and 3 = severe facial wrinkles.
Satisfaction With Treatment, During Each Treatment Cycle, as Assessed by the Validated FACE-Q Satisfaction With Outcome Scale. Week4 Cycle1(on average 4 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 7), Week4 Cycle2 (on average 20 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 52), Week4 Cycle3 (on average 37 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 53), Week4 Cycle4 (on average 46 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 56) The extent of subject perceptions of effect of, and satisfaction with, treatment in the BoNT/A-DP and placebo groups, during each treatment cycle, as assessed by the validated FACE-Q Satisfaction with Outcome Scale. The FACE-Q Satisfaction with Outcome scale is a patient-reported outcome measure designed to assess a patient's satisfaction with the results of a facial aesthetic procedure. This scale comprises six items, each with four response options: "definitely agree," "somewhat agree," "somewhat disagree," and "definitely disagree."
The Percentage of Subjects With a ≥ 1 Point Reduction in Facial Wrinkle Scale (FWS) Score at Rest Based on the Independent Rater's Assessment of Photos. Week 2, Week 4, Week 12, Week 16, Week 20 of Treatment Cycle 1 The percentage of subjects with a ≥ 1 point reduction in Facial Wrinkle Scale (FWS) score at rest in the BoNT/A-DP and placebo groups, relative to baseline, during the first treatment cycle, based on the independent rater's assessment of photos. The median value of all assessments of the same photography was considered for analysis. FWS scores are a four-point rating scale as follows: 0 = no facial wrinkles; 1 = mild facial wrinkles; 2 = moderate facial wrinkles; and 3 = severe facial wrinkles.
Facial Wrinkle Scale (FWS) Score of 0 or 1 and an Improvement of ≥ 2 Points in FWS Score (at Maximum Frown) at 4 Weeks After Re-treatment Relative to the Rating at the Preceding End-of-Cycle Visit. Week4 Cycle1(on average 4 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 7), Week4 Cycle2 (on average 20 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 52), Week4 Cycle3 (on average 37 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 53), Week4 Cycle4 (on average 46 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 56) The percentage of subjects with a Facial Wrinkle Scale (FWS) score of 0 or 1 and an improvement of ≥ 2 points in FWS score (at maximum frown) at 4 weeks after re-treatment relative to the rating at the preceding end-of-cycle visit, based on both the investigator's and the subject's in-clinic assessments (composite endpoint). FWS scores are a four-point rating scale as follows: 0 = no facial wrinkles; 1 = mild facial wrinkles; 2 = moderate facial wrinkles; and 3 = severe facial wrinkles.
The Percentage of Subjects With ≥ 1-point Reduction in Facial Wrinkle Scale (FWS) Score (at Maximum Frown) During the First Treatment Cycle at Week 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 Relative to Baseline Week 1, Week 2, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 16, Week 20 of Treatment Cycle 1 The percentage of subjects with ≥ 1-point reduction in Facial Wrinkle Scale (FWS) score (at maximum frown) in the BoNT/A-DP and placebo groups during the first treatment cycle at week 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 relative to baseline, based on both the investigators' and the subjects' in-clinic assessments (composite endpoint). For week 16 and 20 subjects who were re-treated before the respective visits were counted as non-responders. FWS scores are a four-point rating scale as follows: 0 = no facial wrinkles; 1 = mild facial wrinkles; 2 = moderate facial wrinkles; and 3 = severe facial wrinkles.
The Percentage of Subjects With ≥ 1-point Reduction in Facial Wrinkle Scale (FWS) Score (at Maximum Frown) During Each Re-treatment Cycle at Week 4 Relative to Re-treatment-baseline. Week4 Cycle1(on average 4 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 7), Week4 Cycle2 (on average 20 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 52), Week4 Cycle3 (on average 37 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 53), Week4 Cycle4 (on average 46 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 56) The percentage of subjects with ≥ 1-point reduction in Facial Wrinkle Scale (FWS) score (at maximum frown) in the BoNT/A-DP during each re-treatment cycle at week 4 relative to re-treatment baseline, based on both the investigators' and the subjects' in-clinic assessments (composite endpoint). FWS scores are a four-point rating scale as follows: 0 = no facial wrinkles; 1 = mild facial wrinkles; 2 = moderate facial wrinkles; and 3 = severe facial wrinkles.
Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious AEs (SAEs) and AEs of Special Interest (AESIs) Through study completion (60 weeks) Number of Participants with treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), serious AEs (SAEs) and AEs of special interest (AESIs)
Number of Participants With Neutralizing Anti-Drug Antibodies Through study completion (60 weeks) Number of Participants with Neutralizing Anti-Drug Antibodies Antibody formation, evaluation pre-dose before each treatment, at 4 weeks after each treatment and at the final study visit.
Change From Baseline of Basophils, Eosinophils, Leukocytes, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Neutrophils, Platelets Week4 Cycle1(on average 4 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 7), Week4 Cycle2 (on average 20 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 52), Week4 Cycle3 (on average 37 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 53), Week4 Cycle4 (on average 46 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 56) Safety assessments by evaluating change from baseline of Basophils, Eosinophils, Leukocytes, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Neutrophils, Platelets as per the study schedule
Change From Baseline of Alanine Aminotransferase, Alkaline Phosphatase , Aspartate Aminotransferase, Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase Week4 Cycle1(on average 4 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 7), Week4 Cycle2 (on average 20 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 52), Week4 Cycle3 (on average 37 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 53), Week4 Cycle4 (on average 46 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 56) Safety assessments by evaluating change from baseline of Alanine Aminotransferase, Alkaline Phosphatase , Aspartate Aminotransferase, Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase as per the study schedule
Change From Baseline of Cholesterol, Glucose, Potassium, Sodium, Urea Nitrogen Week4 Cycle1(on average 4 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 7), Week4 Cycle2 (on average 20 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 52), Week4 Cycle3 (on average 37 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 53), Week4 Cycle4 (on average 46 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 56) Safety assessments by evaluating change from baseline of Cholesterol, Glucose, Potassium, Sodium, Urea Nitrogen as per the study schedule
Change From to Baseline of Bilirubin, Creatinin Week4 Cycle1(on average 4 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 7), Week4 Cycle2 (on average 20 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 52), Week4 Cycle3 (on average 37 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 53), Week4 Cycle4 (on average 46 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 56) Safety assessments by evaluating change from baseline of Bilirubin, Creatinin as per the study schedule
Change From Baseline of Erythrocytes Week4 Cycle1(on average 4 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 7), Week4 Cycle2 (on average 20 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 52), Week4 Cycle3 (on average 37 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 53), Week4 Cycle4 (on average 46 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 56) Safety assessments by evaluating change from baseline of Erythrocytes as per the study schedule
Change From Baseline of Erythrocytes MCV Week4 Cycle1(on average 4 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 7), Week4 Cycle2 (on average 20 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 52), Week4 Cycle3 (on average 37 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 53), Week4 Cycle4 (on average 46 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 56) Safety assessments by evaluating change from baseline of Erythrocytes MCV as per the study schedule
Change From Baseline of Erythrocyte MCHC, Hemoglobin Week4 Cycle1(on average 4 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 7), Week4 Cycle2 (on average 20 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 52), Week4 Cycle3 (on average 37 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 53), Week4 Cycle4 (on average 46 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 56) Safety assessments by evaluating change from baseline of Erythrocyte MCHC, Hemoglobin as per the study schedule
Change From Baseline of Lymphocytes/Leukocytes, Monocytes/Leukocytes, Neutrophils/Leukocytes, Basophiles/Leukocytes, Eosinophils/Leukocytes Week4 Cycle1(on average 4 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 7), Week4 Cycle2 (on average 20 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 52), Week4 Cycle3 (on average 37 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 53), Week4 Cycle4 (on average 46 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 56) Safety assessments by evaluating change from baseline of Lymphocytes/leukocytes, Monocytes/leukocytes, Neutrophils/leukocytes, Basophiles/leukocytes, Eosinophils/leukocytes as per the study schedule
Change From Baseline of Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Week4 Cycle1(on average 4 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 7), Week4 Cycle2 (on average 20 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 52), Week4 Cycle3 (on average 37 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 53), Week4 Cycle4 (on average 46 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 56) Safety assessments by evaluating change from baseline of Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure as per the study schedule
Change From Baseline of Pulse Rate Week4 Cycle1(on average 4 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 7), Week4 Cycle2 (on average 20 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 52), Week4 Cycle3 (on average 37 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 53), Week4 Cycle4 (on average 46 Weeks from Baseline, up to Week 56) Safety assessments by evaluating change from baseline of Pulse rate as per the study schedule
Number of Participants With Normal and Abnormal Electrocardiogram Week 4 and last visit of Treatment Cycle 1 (End of Cycle procedures), conducted upon confirmation of eligibility for retreatment, assessed starting 12 weeks post-treatment with 4-weekly evaluations up to a max. of 48 weeks post treatment. Safety assessments by evaluating Electrocardiogram as per the study schedule
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Tennessee Clinical Research Center
🇺🇸Nashville, Tennessee, United States
Tennessee Clinical Research Center🇺🇸Nashville, Tennessee, United States