Prevalence and Clinical Effect of IDH1/2 Mutations in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Conditions
- IDH2 Gene MutationAcute Myeloid LeukemiaIDH1 Gene Mutation
- Registration Number
- NCT04369287
- Lead Sponsor
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas
- Brief Summary
Among the most notable cancer genome-wide sequencing discoveries in recent years was the finding of mutation hot-spots in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes in grade II/III astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas and in secondary glioblastomas. This was rapidly followed by identification of recurrent IDH1/2 mutations in myeloid neoplasms (MN), including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Mutant IDH is now a therapeutic target of great interest in cancer research, especially in AML, given the limitations of current approved therapies and the encouraging early clinical data demonstrating proof of concept for investigational mutant IDH1/2 inhibitors.
The origin of mutations in AML was explored by investigating the clonal evolution of genomes sequenced from patients with M1- or M3-AML and comparing them with hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) from healthy volunteers. Six genes were found to have statistically higher mutation frequencies in M1 versus M3 genomes (NPM1, DNMT3A, IDH1, IDH2, TET2 and ASXL1), suggesting they are initiating rather than cooperating events. Prospective evaluation of serial 2- HG levels during treatment of newly diagnosed AML treated with standard chemotherapy revealed that both 2-HG level and mutated IDH allele burden decreased with response to treatment but began to rise again as therapy failed.
The prognostic impact of IDH mutations in AML is under continued investigation and varies across studies. In this research project authors aim a) to define the prevalence and type of IDH1/2 mutations in AML patients; b) to define relationships between IDH1/2 mutations and other oncogenic mutations in AML, as well as to describe clonal evolution of the disease and c) to describe the clinical outcome of IDH1/2 mutated patients with AML treated with currently available treatments.
- Detailed Description
Among the most notable cancer genome-wide sequencing discoveries in recent years was the finding of mutation hot-spots in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes in grade II/III astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas and in secondary glioblastomas. This was rapidly followed by identification of recurrent IDH1/2 mutations in myeloid neoplasms (MN), including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN).
Mutant IDH is now a therapeutic target of great interest in cancer research, especially in AML, given the limitations of current approved therapies and the encouraging early clinical data demonstrating proof of concept for investigational mutant IDH1/2 inhibitors.
There is evidence to suggest that IDH mutations may cooperate with other mutations to initiate and drive oncogenesis in myeloid malignancies. High levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG, as a result of gene mutation) have been shown to inhibit αKG-dependent dioxygenases including histone and DNA demethylases, proteins that regulate cellular epigenetic status. Consistent with 2-HG promoting cancer via an effect on chromatin structure, tumors harboring IDH mutations display a CpG island methylator phenotype. More recent studies have shown that overexpression of mutant IDH enzymes can induce histone and DNA hypermethylation, as well as block cellular differentiation. Together, these data suggest that cancer-associated IDH mutations can induce a block in cellular differentiation through epigenetic modifications, which contributes to tumor initiation and progression, and thus support the clinical evaluation of agents targeted to mutant IDH
The origin of mutations in AML was explored by investigating the clonal evolution of genomes sequenced from patients with M1- or M3-AML and comparing them with hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) from healthy volunteers. Six genes were found to have statistically higher mutation frequencies in M1 versus M3 genomes (NPM1, DNMT3A, IDH1, IDH2, TET2 and ASXL1), suggesting they are initiating rather than cooperating events. Furthermore, all of these genes have been shown to play a role in chromatin modification, suggesting that epigenetic alterations may function to initiate tumorigenesis.
Prospective evaluation of serial 2-HG levels during treatment of newly diagnosed AML treated with standard chemotherapy revealed that both 2-HG level and mutated IDH allele burden decreased with response to treatment but began to rise again as therapy failed.
The prognostic impact of IDH mutations in AML is under continued investigation and varies across studies
In this research project, the authors aim:
1. To define the prevalence and type of IDH1/2 mutations in acute myeloid leukemias.
2. To define genotype-phenotype relationship in IDH1/2 mutated patients.
3. To define relationships between IDH1/2 mutations and other oncogenic mutations in AML, as well as to describe clonal evolution of the disease (including the evaluation of genotype at disease relapse).
4. To describe the clinical outcome of IDH1/2 mutated patients with AML treated with currently available treatments.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- UNKNOWN
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 654
- Age ≥ 18 years
- Diagnosis of AML According to 2016 WHO classification criteria
- Ability to give informed consent according to ICH/EU GCP, and national/local regulations.
- Lack of written informed consent
- Lack of biological samples (blood, bone marrow aspirate)
Study & Design
- Study Type
- OBSERVATIONAL
- Study Design
- Not specified
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Prevalence of IDH1/2 mutations in patients with AML 2016-2020 IDH1/2 mutational status will be analyzed in all centers by NGS or sanger sequencing on samples obtained from patients affected with AML enrolled in the study with the aim to provide information on the prevalence and type of IDH1/2 mutations
genotype-phenotype correlations in AML patients carryng IDH1/2 mutations 2016-2020 Data obtained from targeted gene sequencing will be correlated with clinical and hematological variables of interest (i.e., demographic factors, WHO 2016 category, cytogenetics, presence of recurrent molecular abnormalities, response to treatment, overall survival, disease-free survival) to identify specific associations between genotype and disease phenotype)
Overall survival in patients with AML carryng IDH1/2 mutations 2016-2020 Specific analyses will be carried out to describe overall survival of AML with IDH1/2 mutations with currently available treatments. Moreover, A comparison between survival of IDH-mutated vs. IDH-unmutated patients will be performed
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Istituto Clinico Humanitas
🇮🇹Milano, Italy