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Mandibular Reconstruction Preplanning (ViPMR)

Phase 2
Recruiting
Conditions
Oral Cavity Cancer
Oral Cancer
Interventions
Procedure: Free-Hand Surgery
Procedure: Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP)
Registration Number
NCT05429099
Lead Sponsor
University of British Columbia
Brief Summary

Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP), where 3D modeling is used to create 3D-printed surgical guides, has been shown to improve outcomes for patients who undergo mandibular reconstruction surgery, usually due to invasion of cancer from the oral cavity to the jaw. This trial will directly compare the outcomes of patients who receive VSP versus patients who receive the current standard of care, which is Free-Hand Surgery (FHS). They will be randomized into either treatment at a 1:1 ratio and bony union rates will be compared between 12-month postoperative CT scans for each treatment group. Secondary objectives include comparing other short and long-term complication rates, reconstruction accuracy, quality of life, and functional outcomes of VSP and FHS. An economic analysis of VSP will also be performed.

Detailed Description

Not available

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
RECRUITING
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
420
Inclusion Criteria
  • primary diagnosis requiring mandibulectomy and fibular or scapular free flap reconstructive surgery
  • are over the age of 18
  • cognitive ability and language skills that allow participation in the trial
  • provide informed consent
Exclusion Criteria
  • severe comorbidities including metastatic disease
  • do not have a recent (within 30 days) CT scan and are unable/unwilling to receive a head CT scan at the latest 6 days prior to surgery
  • prior history of head or neck cancer within last 5 years
  • prior history of head or neck radiation treatment at any time
  • pregnant of lactating women

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Free-Hand Surgery (FHS)Free-Hand SurgeryIn FHS, the site surgeon will proceed with the surgery as per their routine practice.
Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP)Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP)The trial research engineer (RE), located at Vancouver General Hospital (VGH), will segment the CT data to create a 3D model for surgical planning. During the teleconference between site surgeon (SS) and RE, the RE will load the CT data and the segmented 3D model into the virtual planning environment. With the RE navigating the software, which was created in-house at VGH and used in a previous case series, the SS will determine the extent of disease and define the resection planes. After the cutting planes are created, the RE will use the software to create the reconstruction plan with either the patient-specific fibula or scapula. Once the surgeon is satisfied with the plan, the teleconference will end and the RE will create and 3D print the surgical guides for the mandible, for the fibula or scapula, as well as the 3D computed reconstruction.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Bony UnionAssessed on CT scans 12 months postoperatively

The primary outcome is nonunion as assessed by two independent radiologists at Vancouver General Hospital, blinded to the intervention, based on the 12-month postoperative CT scan. Each apposition (between native bone-flap or between flap segments) will be assessed as nonunion, partial union, and complete union. Cases where there is disagreement between reviewers will undergo consensus review, any persisting disagreements will be reviewed by a third radiologist and classification will be based on the majority vote.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Oral HealthMeasure documented at time of baseline clinic visit and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-surgery (6 visits total)

Measured through responses to the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Responses recorded one of 5 choices with a point value assigned to each (1 = always, 2 = often, 3 = sometimes, 4 = seldom, and 5 = never).

Economic analysisMeasure documented at time of baseline clinic visit and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-surgery (6 visits total)

Measured through responses to Health Utilization Questionnaire (HUQ) survey to measure impact to patients economic state as a result of their surgery. Records whether participant has experienced certain situations as no or yes (and asks frequency of these situations). Also asks for associated costs that may

Dental ImplantabilityUp to 100 days after the post-operative CT scan.

Oral surgeon on the trial will assess the feasibility of the creation of dental implants for the patient postoperatively; responses will recorded as either feasible (1) or infeasible (0).

Length of StayFrom date of patient's preoperative hospital admission until the date of hospital discharge postoperatively or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed up to 100 days

Time from admission into hospital preoperatively to discharge from hospital postoperatively as documented on patient's medical chart or date of death, whichever came first.

Rate of Cancer ReoccurrencePatients will be monitored for 1 year post-operatively

Complication where cancer that was confirmed to be removed (negative resection margins, subsequent chemoradiotherapy results, etc.) reoccurs in the mandibular region. It does not have to be the same type or continuation of previous cancer; any cancer found within mandibular region postoperatively qualifies.

EQ-5D-5L SurveyMeasure documented at time of baseline clinic visit and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-surgery (6 visits total)

Another questionnaire which measures quality of life. Responses recorded as checkboxes that are ticked if applicable to the participant. Participant health is measured on a scale of 0 (worst health imaginable) to 100 (best health imaginable).

DysphagiaMeasure documented at time of baseline clinic visit and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-surgery (6 visits total)

Measured through responses to the M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) for assessment of dysphagia. MDADI records responses on the 5-point Likert scale; minimum of 1 (strongly disagree) and maximum of 5 (strongly agree).

Fibula harvest site complicationsMeasure documented at time of baseline clinic visit and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-surgery (6 visits total)

Measured through responses to the Lower-Limb Tasks Questionnaire (LLTQ) if patient had fibula harvested for reconstruction. or the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, Hand (DASH) questionnaire if patients had scapula harvested for reconstruction. Intends to measure donor site morbidity by assessing ease of task completion (4 = no difficulty, 3 = mild difficulty, 2 = moderate difficulty, 1 = severe difficulty, 0 = unable), as well as importance of task (4 = very important, 3 = moderately important, 2 = mildly important, 1 = not important).

Difference in Intracondylar DistanceAssessed between preoperative CT (at least 6 days prior to surgery) and postoperative CT (5 days after date of surgery) scans

Comparison to assess structural reconstruction accuracy of postoperative versus preoperative cephalometrics. This will be calculated as the absolute value of postoperative intracondylar distance minus preoperative intercondylar distance (millimeters).

University of Washington Quality of Life (UWQoL)Measure documented at time of baseline clinic visit and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-surgery (6 visits total)

A questionnaire that measures quality of life which records responses on the 5-point Likert scale; minimum of 1 (strongly disagree) and maximum of 5 (strongly agree).

Ischaemic TimeInitial Surgery

Time from cutting off blood supply to operative region to restoring blood supply and flow as documented on the nursing record.

Scapula harvest site complicationsMeasure documented at time of baseline clinic visit and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-surgery (6 visits total)

Measured through responses to the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, Hand (DASH) questionnaire if patients had scapula harvested for reconstruction. Intends to measure donor site morbidity by assessing difficulty during tasks (1 = no difficulty, 2 = mild difficulty, 3 = moderate difficulty, 4 = severe difficulty, 5 = unable).

Operative TimeInitial Surgery

Time from first incision to the end of surgical closure as documented on the nursing record.

Rate of Plate ExtrusionPatients will be monitored for 1 year post-operatively

Complication with plate where may partially or fully be exposed to external environment.

Difference in Mandibular AnglesAssessed between preoperative CT (at least 6 days prior to surgery) and postoperative CT (5 days after date of surgery) scans

Comparison to assess structural reconstruction accuracy of postoperative versus preoperative cephalometrics. This will calculated as the absolute value of postoperative mandibular angle minus preoperative mandibular angle (degrees).

Occlusal force (bite force)Measure documented at time of baseline clinic visit and at 1, 6, and 12 months post-surgery (4 visits total)

Measured through Dental PreScale System (DPS-Fujifilm Global) as an assessment of patient bite force.

Rate of Flap FailurePatients will be monitored for 1 year post-operatively

Complication with flap where donor bone no longer viable as reconstruction piece and replacement required. May be due to ischemic necrosis, infection, osteoradionecrosis, fracturing, etc.

Adverse EventsCharts and interviews reviewed at time of baseline clinic visit and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-surgery (6 visits total)

Any additional complication or adverse event not covered by other secondary outcomes will be recorded from patient chart review and through a structured interview with the patients.

OcclusionMeasure documented at time of baseline clinic visit and at 1, 6, and 12 months post-surgery (4 visits total)

Extent of oral occlusion measured during in-person clinic assessments; can be recorded as normal occlusion, malocclusion Class I, malocclusion Class II, or malocclusion Class III.

Jaw MobilityMeasure documented at time of baseline clinic visit and at 1, 6, and 12 months post-surgery (4 visits total)

Assessment of jaw freedom of movement will be taken during in-person clinic assessments; recorded as measurement of maximal mouth opening (millimeters) from top lip to bottom lip.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Vancouver General Hospital

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Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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