The Effect of Autogenous Demineralized Dentin Block Graft Versus Particulate Deproteinized Bovine Bone Graft on Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Many studies have reported an approximately 50% reduction in alveolar bone both the horizontal and vertical directions over 12 months with more than two-thirds of the reduction occurring in the first three months after extraction. Alveolar ridge preservation is a procedure that attempts to reduce bone dimensional changes that naturally take place following tooth extraction. During the last decade, efforts have been made to confirm procedures that can prevent bone resorption after extraction. The use of bone grafts aim to promote bone healing and assist bone regeneration. Various types of materials are used for socket preservation, such as autogenous bone, allograft bone, xenograft materials, and alloplast materials. The deproteinized bovine bone has been tested in vitro and in vivo in the alveolar ridge preservation and plays a positive role in osteoconductive function. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure has been developed to counteract alveolar ridge bone resorption. GBR technology with xenografts, such as the deproteinized bovine bone mineral, could lead to bone regeneration.

Moreover, root dentin block is composed of Type I collagen matrix with several osteoinductive non-collagenous proteins such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and dentin matrix proteins. Geometrically, alveolar bone morphology was maintained by dentin block graft as well as it has micropores (dentinal tubules) of 3-5 μm diameter and macropores of 0.2-0.3 mm diameter for enhancing osteoinductive and osteoconductive functions.

Both demineralized dentin block and particulate deproteinized bovine bone grafts with or without collagen membrane have been utilized for alveolar ridge preservation or augmentation but the superiority of one form over the other is not yet clear